122 MOSS ALLIES. 



anthus). Here the foliage is very pale and transparent, 

 the leaves are roundish, and placed close to one another 

 on either side the stem, which is rooted at every few 

 lines to the moist bank. Under the stem, between each 

 pair of leaves, is a fork-shaped stipule, indicating its 

 position in the stipule group. The Double-toothed liver- 

 wort (J. bidentata, fig. 1 0) is nearly as common as the 

 Asplenium-like species. Its foliage is transparent like the 

 one just described, and its stems soft and brittle, but its 

 branches grow to a length of several inches, interlacing 

 among moss, and its leaves are cut into two teeth. The 

 veil and calyx are large, and the footstalks long and 

 showy. We have found it in Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Kent, 

 and Herefordshire. The same rock which nourished the 

 Crescent Liverwort, gave a home also to the Creeping 

 species (J. rep tans). To the naked eye this looks like a 

 starry cluster, delicately branched, but the lens reveals 

 every tiny leaf to be cut into three points, and arranged 

 side by side along the pinnate branches. Here, also, the 

 capsules were abundant. 



Above, upon the rock, hung large branches, with 

 crumpled leaves, overlapping one another, two-lobed, 

 and the smaller lobes turned inwards, round stipules occu- 

 pying the space between the lobes, and making the 

 branches look like green chenille. These branches were 

 placed one over another like tiles, and gave refuge to 

 numerous spiders, wood-lice, and sparrow-shells. This 

 species is a very common one (J. platyphylla). Among 

 scattered trees bordering one of our Yorkshire moors, 

 upon ground oozy to the tread, we gathered the fringed 

 Liverwort (J. ciliaris, fig. 8), so-called because of the 

 h air-like segments into which the leaf was cut. The 



