192 LICHEXS. 



beset by stems and heads more delicate in form and 

 more beautiful in colour than any goblet-lichen I had yet 

 seen. The golden dust powdering crust, and stem, and 

 head convinced me that it was the gold headed species 

 (C. chrysocephalum, fig. 5). 



Some months later, when spring had almost come 

 round again, a party of us were wandering in the beautiful 

 woods about Eoss, in Herefordshire, making nosegays of 

 primroses, and wild daffodils, and wood rushes, and 

 verdant moss. We came to where the path passed be- 

 tween huge masses of old red sandstone rock, and paused 

 to examine the miniature sward with which they were 

 partially clothed. Here were the rich array of Liver- 

 worts which I have described in another place, covering 

 the red sand plains and quartz hillocks with their minute, 

 but elaborate lace-work. Behind them rose clusters of 

 the Tree-line Feather moss, like sheltering woods, and 

 closely crowded under their protection, nourished by a 

 decaying fern stem, was a forest of wiry threads sur- 

 rounded by heads like the most tiny beads. By very 

 close inspection those with strong sight could detect a 

 green colouring as a carpet for these miniature plants, 

 the heads of some of which had burst, and being closely 

 huddled together the spores had made a soft mat over 

 the top of the stems; this was another species of Calicium 

 (C. davellum, Plate XIII., jig. 5), and there are several 

 more, but they have not rewarded our search. 



The next family of the crustaceous lichens, as given by 

 Hooker, is called Arthonia. The crust is thin and 

 spreading, the fruit round and sessile, They form 

 greyish stains, dotted with tiny specks of brown or black, 



