206 LICHENS. 



group ; those that follow are becoming more and more 

 leafy. In this family the frond is starry, and the recep- 

 tacles bordered and sessile. The handsome Orange Wall- 

 scale lichen was half-covering the rock in question, and 

 we procured some good specimens (Squamarise murorum, 

 Plate XIV., fig. 15). This is a very common but very 

 handsome lichen. It covers rocks near the shore in 

 Cornwall, trees and roofs in Kent, and old walls in York- 

 shire, and one near Melbeck's Parsonage, in Swaledale, 

 is always glowing with its amber fronds, as if in midsum- 

 mer sunshine. 



A duty walk, a regular "constitutional' among the 

 chalk downs, one January clay provided me with speci- 

 mens of the Stone Squamarias (S. saxicola, Plate XIV., 

 fig. 16). They were greenish yellow stars, with a 

 cluster of green apothecise in the centre, and studded the 

 flints which lay here and there upon the short herbage, as 

 they had cropped out from the chalk-land beneath. 

 The Circular Squamariae (S. circinnata, Plate XIV., fig. 

 17) is common in Yorkshire. It is grayish brown, 

 darkest in the centre, and much furrowed as with veins. 

 It radiates towards the margin, which is quite lobed and 

 leafy, and substantiates its claim along with others of its 

 family to be considered a step towards a frondose lichen. 

 In this group the thallus is closely attached to the rock 

 as far as its uttermost margin. 



The Candle lichen (S. candelaria), used in Sweden to 

 impart a yellow stain to the candles employed on festive 

 occasions) is a member of this family, and is the only one 

 among the many British species to which any use is 

 assigned. 



