208 LICHENS. 



used as a brown dye for the home-spun fabrics of the dis- 

 trict ; and Walker declares it to be the most indestruc- 

 tible of colours. The apotheciae, which it freely bears, 

 have coal black disks. 



Kocks in Swaledale, as well as about Oban and 

 ( allander, furnished us with the Rock Parmelia (P. 

 saxatilis, Plate XlV. 9 JLg. 19). This is a pretty species 

 when closely examined, somewhat resembling the Circu- 

 lar Squamarise in its dark centre, rutted substance, and 

 lighter margin ; but it has the family characteristic of 

 only being attached to the stone by fibres, and so is easily 

 distinguishable. 



Another Cornish ramble was to the Chough rock, a 

 large flat-topped cliff overlooking miles and miles of 

 1 due sea, along which the broad Atlantic waves were roll- 

 ing ; while vessels bound from Plymouth to Falmouth 

 were making their noiseless way across the blue expanse. 

 Here, upon the shelves of the rock, were patches of the 

 sunburnt Parmelia (P. aquila, Jig. 20); its glossy brown 

 fronds, and chocolate-disked apothecia, identifying it as 

 that species. We listened to the sweet harmony of the 

 waves breaking on the shore, and saw them deposit their 

 successive burdens of gay weeds. This lured us to the 

 sands, and we climbed down by a steep path to fill a bag 

 with seaweeds and shells, and pick up any stray lichen 

 that chance might send for our basket. 



And here the golden Parmelia was flourishing in rich 

 luxuriance, its tile-like fronds overlapping one another, 

 and bearing such abundance of full orange shields that it 

 seemed as if sea-air were its favourite enjoyment {Plate 

 XV., Jig. 15). It is called the wall Palmelia, and rightly. 



