LICHENS. 227 



the family, its fronds hanging in branched clusters from 

 every decaying limb of the old trees, here and elsewhere. 

 We find it not only on trees but on old park paling and 

 barn doors ; and I even remember procuring handsome 

 specimens in quantity from the wood-work of an old 

 wind-mill, which had long faced wind and weather in an 

 exposed situation on the Wiltshire downs. It is called 

 the Ash Eamalina (R. fraxinea, Plate XVI., Jig. 3) 

 because it is supposed to prefer that tree, though it by 

 no means confines its favours to it. 



The Bundle Eamalina (R. fastigiata, Plate XVI., Jig. 2) 

 is scarcely less common than its brother of the ash. It 

 grows on trees and shrubs, bearing borderless apotheciae 

 in abundance on its short upright clumsy branches. We 

 have gathered it in most of the counties we have any of 

 us visited. 



The Ivory lichen (R. scropulorum, Plate XVI, Jig. 4) 

 affects maritime rocks. We gathered some specimens of 

 it on the Cornish shore, but found it in much greater 

 beauty and abundance, draping rocks overlooking the 

 sea, at Oban. Its apothecise are brownish and wart like. 

 Its pale ivory hue makes it very attractive in appear- 

 ance. 



Succeeding the family of Ramalina comes the equally 

 attractive one of Usnea, the members of which ornament 

 decaying branches of trees with great beauty and pro- 

 fusion. Here the fronds are rounded, branched, and 

 drooping, a central thread runs through them. 



The Flower-like Usnea (U. florida) is perhaps the 

 prettiest of the group. Its main branches grow as thick 

 as fine cord, and have one or two lateral branches, 



