26 ox THE MEDICINAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL 



cake to poison wolves. It has no other deleterious effect. Merat 

 & De Lens, Diet, de M. M., iv., 107. Wade states that it is 

 supposed to dye woolen yellow. Plantte Rariores, 130. M. Ba- 

 hert has extracted a substance from it Avliich he calls vulpine. 

 Journ. de Chim. Med,, vi., 696 ; M. and De L., Supplem. Vol. 

 1846, p. 430 ; Rochleder & Held, Researches upon some species 

 of Lichen, in Annuaire de Chime, 1843 ; Knop., Chim, Phys. Res. 

 upon Lichens, cd., 449. 



Ramalina scojndorum^ Ach. and Hook,, C. Eng. 

 Lichen calycaris, Linn. 



b. C. (H. 

 W. R.) and 



Northw'ds, 

 Tuck. 



Z. calycai'is, "Wade says, is reputed to dye a red color equal 

 to the famous Lichen Rocella or orchill, which commanded at 

 one time £1,000 a ton, and which was used to dye wool or silk 

 any shade of purple or crimson. Lightfoot, in his Flora Scotica, 

 asserts that Z. calycaris was formerly used instead of starch to 

 make hair powder. Plantse Rariores, 132. 



75 T J? • AT r Ash Ramalina, Abundant on 



Itamahna fraxinea, Ach. .' , ^ . ,, 



7- . 7 /. • T • I ■the trunks, and especially on 



Lichen fraxineus^ Lmn. i , . •, . ^ , *^ , , 



Yar,ofi?,mZy.aW.,H,W.R. j ^^^ ^'^^-^ branches of very old 

 •^ ' t trees. 



This, as well as R. scopidorum, Ach., has been used in Glas- 

 gow, for the same purpose as Evernia ^^runastri. A A'ariety is 

 used in Teneriffe, for the production of a yellow color. M, & 

 De L. 



JJsnea plicata, Ach. Used as a dye. Lind., Nat. Syst. 

 Bot. 329. Macerated with alum, it gives a green color; with 

 alum and tin, a reddish-yellow. Prost., Liste des PI. Crypt, de 

 la Lozere. Tlie Laplanders place it under their feet when on a 

 long journey ; and they employ the powder to stop hemorrhages. 

 Linn., Flora Lap. 348 ; M. & De Lens, iv. 105. 



Alectorici jiibata, Acli, 



Wiry Alectoria, or Rock Hair. 



T. , . T _, T- Trunks of trees, especially firs: also 



Lichen oubatus. Lwm. -{ itti •: nr. ^ a .• 



T-- • • 7 ^ -n • upon rocks. White Mts. to Arctic 



Lvernia jubata, r ries. ^ „ , 



Linnaeus tells us that in winter, when the snow is very deep 



