18 Oy THE MEDICINAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL 



Tartareous Lecanora, or cud- 

 ^ Lear ; on rocks. N. S. to Brit- 

 ish America. Tuck. 



Parmelia tartarea, Acli. 



Lecanora " Acli. 



Lichen ZfpsaliensiSj Linn. 

 " tartareiis, " 

 " frigidus^ Sw. 



It is employed to make litmus, and to produce a purple for 

 dyeing woolen yarn; "and nowliere, perhaps, used more exten- 

 sively than in the manufactory of Mr. Macintosh, of Glasgow. 

 This gentleman imports it largely from Norway, where it grows 

 more abundantly than with us ; yet, in the Highland districta, 

 many an industrious peasant gets his living by scraping off the 

 lichen with an iron hoop, and sending it to the Glasgow market." 

 "Wlien I was in Fort Augustus, some years ago, remarks Mr. 

 Hooper, I was informed that a person could make 14s. per week 

 at this work, selling the material at 3s. 4d. the stone of 22 lbs. 

 The fructified specimens are reckoned the best. Crypt. England ; 

 Pereira, M. Med. 45. The gatherers carefully choose such speci- 

 mens as are of a finn, dense texture, and they never scrape the 

 same rock often er than once in five years. It is j)repared for use 

 with volatile alkali and alum. Engl. Botany, 5, 3, 156 ; Smith's 

 Tour on the Continent, 198 ; Wade's Plantee Kariores, 122. 



T^ ,, ,, „ . f Crab's-eye lecanora, or perelle. 



l^armeka pallescejis, Iries. ^ -n j ^ -at 



■J. 77 A 1 Orseille de terre. Mountamous 



Lecanoi'a pareUa. Koh. i t ^ • ^ -m- o i a- i.i ^ 



T-. , -^ „ V . districts. JN.b. andJNorthwards. 



Lichen j>arellus, Lmn. ^p  



In Auvergne, in France, it is extensively employed to produce 

 a dye far superior to that of the cudhear^ and quite equal to that 

 of the archill (Rocella tinctoria). Cr>q)t. Eng. 191 ; Lind., Nat. 

 Syst. 329. It is macerated for ten to twelve days in urine, till it 

 acquires a red or intense violet color, when it is formed into a 

 cake. Tlie taste is bitter and mucilaginous. M. Frost., Liste des 

 Crypt, de la Lozere ; M. & De Lens. ITie tinctorial paste is known 

 as Parelle, or Orseille d'Auvergne ; prepared with care, it is of a 

 beautiful amaranth red tint, used with advantage, though it does 

 not possess much fixity. See, also, Variolaria, M. Richard, Elems. 

 d'llist. Nat. Medicale, 1145; see wohk of Amoureux, of Montpe- 

 lier, 1787; Tournefort's Eng. Bot. xi. 727. "Litmus is prepared 

 from this species of lichen. For this purpose it is gatlicred from 

 the rocks in the North of England, and sent to London." 

 "Withering, 5, 4, 16 ; Wade's PI. Rariores, 121. 



