FOEMER GLACIATIOy OF OREGON". , 75 



the assertion that the same conditions hokl in tlie Cascade Range as farther 

 south in tlie Sien-u Nevada. There is no such thin<>: as Northern Drift in 

 the State, a ver\' large jDortion of which is covered by ahnost bare, horizontal 

 overflows of basaltic lava. As there is no map of the mountains of Oregon 

 approximating even to correctness, it will be impossible to make any more 

 definite statement than this : That the higher points between Mount Pitt 

 and Mount Hood have formerly, in all probability, had each its system of 

 glaciers ; but that these could not have been large, because the range is 

 low and the crest narrow, the elevated points being nearly or quite isolated 

 volcanic cones, around which the ice-masses chiefly formed. Di". Newberr}'' 

 explored the region around the base of the Three Sisters, in latitude 44°, 

 and saj^s, in describing a volcanic cone a little to the south of that group, that 

 the rocks of which it is composed are everywhere cut by deep furrows, which 

 in all cases pointed towards the centre of the mountain mass. Having crossed 

 the main ridge north of the Tliree Sisters, " the same phenomena were 

 noticed, extending down to the altitude of 4,459 feet, where they terminated 

 in a deep canon, through which a stream flowed into the Willamette Val- 

 ley." * The altitude of the loftiest of the group is given by Dr. Newberry 

 at from 10,000 to 11,000 feet; the height of the base from which it rises is 

 not stated, but it appears to be about 5,600 feet. The scratches and furrows 

 on the surface of the volcanic rocks are said to extend down to 2,500 feet 

 below the present snow-line, and everyAvhere to be directed toward the 

 highest point of the adjacent lofty grouj^ of peaks. 



If further evidence be needed, it may be found in the latest published 

 work of the author of Frost and Fire, an enthusiastic glacialist, who vis- 

 ited Oregon a few years ago. He says, in speaking of the Cascade Range 

 and the vicinity of Mount Hood, " As for glacial marks, there are none." t 



That the present glaciers of Mount Hood were once of considerably larger 

 size than they now are, is vouched for by Mr. A. Hague in the following 

 words : t " One of the most remarkable geological and topographical features 

 of Mount Hood and the vicinity is its very extensive system of extinct 

 glaciers, which everywhere gouged out immense ti-ough-shaped valleys, 

 cutting down deeply into the earlier trachytic lava-flows of the old volcano. 

 The entire network of valleys were all connected with two main glaciers, — 

 that of Hood River on the north, and the Sandy on the south. The ancient 



* Px'port of Pacific Ruilroad Surveys, Vol. VI. p. 41. 

 + My Cii-cular Notes, by J. F. Campbell, Vol. I. p. 95. 

 t Am. Journal of Science, Third Series, Vol. I. p. 167. 



