CONTEXTS. xiii 



(lornk, 335. Xonlenskjold's Observatiuiis on Spitzbergen, 335, 336. — Inquiry 

 ■whether any Meteorological Changes corresponding to the Oscillations of the 

 Glaciers can be detected, 336-341. Meteorological Observations in Switzerland 

 worked up by Plaiitamour, 33G-338. Views of M. Gruner controverted, 339. 

 Haun's Opinion (juoted, 339. C. Dufour on the lietreat of tlie Glaciers, 339. 

 Resume of Eesults reached in the present section, 340, 341. The ideas generally 

 entertained by Geologists in regard to the Eocession of the Glaciers during tlie past 

 half-century, 341. What the Author thinks about it, 341, 342. 



SECTION IV. 



The Former Extensiox of Snow and Ice over Eegioxs xot so covered at 



THE Present Time. The so-called " Glacial Epoch " 342-387 



Conditions of Past Glaciation discussed, 343, 344. Two Regions oidy where 

 Phenomena of Past Glaciation are of special importance, 344, 345 ; Extent of 

 these Regions indicated, 345. — Past Glaciation of High Asia, 346-354. Inves- 

 tigations of the Scldagintweit Brothers, 347, 348. Results arrived at by the India 

 Geological Survey, 348, 349. No evidence of a Cold Epoch in India, 349. In- 

 vestigations of Sewerzoflf in the Thian-Schan Range, 349, 350. Contradictory 

 evidence of Mousliketofl', 350. Past Glaciation of the Altai Range, 350. Cotta 

 and Helmerseu quoted, 350. Absence of traces of a Glacial Epoch in Cluna, 

 350 ; in the Ural, 351. Former greater extension of the Caucasian Glaciers, 351, 



352. Abicli and Favre quoted, 351. Former greater extension of ice on Ararat, 



353. Tchihatchell' on the~ absence of traces of a Glacial Epoch in Asia Minor, 

 353. J. D. Hooker on Moraines in the Lebanon Range, 353. Hooker's views not 

 sustained by Lartot, 353. 0. Fraas on Glacial Erosion in Syria, 353. Former 

 greater size of the Glaciers of New Zealand, 354. Absence of past as well as 

 present Glaciation in Africa, 354. G. Maw on traces of Glaciers in the Atlas 

 Range quoted, 354. Former Glaciation in South America, 355. The Glacial 

 Epoch on the west side of Xortli America, 355. — Former greater Extension of 

 the Glaciers in the Alps, 356-361. Simplicity of the facts, especially on the 

 south side of the Range, 356, 357. Traces of Former Glaciation less marked 

 towards the eastern extremity of the Range on tlie nortli side, 357. Views of 

 Advanced Glacialists, 357, 358. F. Stark's Map of the ancient Glaciers of South- 

 eastern Bavaria, 358. His Views not fully sustained by the author, 359. Diffi- 

 culties presented, and Zittel's Views of the same, 359. The ancient Glacier of 

 the Rhone, 360. Investigations of Falsan and Chantre, 360, 361. Former 

 Glaciation of tlio Pyrenees, 361 ; of the Vosges, 361. — The Glacial Epoch in 

 Scandinavia and the adjacent Countries, 362—371. Sequence of events iu 

 Scandinavia during the Glacial Epoch, as established by the Swedish Survey, 

 362-364. Extension of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet into Russia, 365-367. Mnr- 

 chison's Views, 365. Investigations of Grewingk in the Baltic Provinces, 365, 366 ; 

 of Fr. Schmidt in the same region, 366. Helmersen on the Glacial and Surface 

 Geology of Russia, 366, 367. Difficulties presented in regard to former extension 

 of the ice sheet over Russia, 367 ; similar difficulties in regard to North Germany, 

 Holland, and the British Islands, 367-370. Origin and character of the Diluvium 

 of North Germany, 368, 369. Martin's Investigations in Holland, 368, 369. 

 Credner's Views, 369. Opinions of A. Jentzsch, 369, 370 ; of Messrs. Peach and 

 Home, 370. Local Glaciers on the British Islands, 37l>. Extent of Glaciated 

 Area dependent on the Scandinavian Centre, 371. — Discussion of the facts 



