s 



166 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. 



nets. The usual fishing gear and harpoons were also carried; in short, 

 a thoroughly modern oceanographie outfit. 



The general program for each station consisted of a set of serial 

 temperatures and water-samples, at 3-7 levels according to the depth, 

 and repeated in case of any apparent discrepancy; a vertical haul 

 with the quantitative net,^ especially for copepods ; surface hauls with 

 the fine (no. 20 silk) and coarse (no. 5 silk) nets for microplankton, 

 copepods, etc., and fish eggs; and hauls at intermediate depths with 

 the Helgoland, and other horizontal nets. The number of the latter 

 depended on the depth, the nets being usually attached simulta- 

 neously to the wire at the desired levels. The surface temperature 

 was recorded hourly throughout the cruise. On the only occasion 

 when current measurements were taken (p. 203) the ship was anchored 

 for the purpose. 



For the identification of specimens thanks are due to Dr. W. M. 

 Tattersall (euphausiids) ; Dr. C. O. Esterly (copepods); Mr. W. F. 

 Clapp, (pteropods and heteropods) ; IVIr. W. W. Welsh (young fishes) ; 

 Mr. L. Radcliffe (fish eggs) ; and to Dr. Johan Hjort for assistance in 

 preparing some of the profiles. 



Oceanography. 



Temperatures and Salinities in 1914- 



The records for 1914, covering as they do the whole breadth of the 

 continental shelf, and all being taken in a month's period, justify the 

 description of the, hydrography of that summer in some detail. 



Surface Temperature. — The surface temperature " (Fig. 1) of the 

 southern and western parts of the Gulf of Maine was about the same 

 in 1914 as in previous years, (15°-1S°), with a band of distinctly colder 

 water, (11°-15°), along its northern and eastern shores, including 

 Brown's Bank, the minimum being 6°, some thirty miles off Cape 

 Sable. The warm surface, (lS°-20°), noted off Cape Cod in 1912 and 

 1913 obtained there in 1914 also: apparently, then, this phenomenon 

 is normal; and this year we were able to demonstrate, what previously 

 was supposition only, that this warm area was separated from the still 

 warmer Gulf Stream by lower temperatures, (11°-15°), on Georges 

 Bank. Along the southern edge of the latter the influence of the Gulf 

 Stream is evidenced by the warmer surface (18°-20°). Judging from 



1 In 1914 the quantitative nets were of the Hensen pattern (Johnstone 1908) : in 1915 these 

 were replaced with nets of the Michael Sars pattern, one half meter in diameter of mouth. 



