ASTACUS. 137 



ties are in Idaho, in the upper part of the area drained by the Lewis Fork 

 of the Columbia River. There are also four small specimens collected by 

 the Hayden Survey at the mouth of the Yellowstone River, which joins the 

 Missouri River at the western boundary of Dakota. Besides these there 

 are two young specimens in the same collection, labelled " Willow Creek, 

 Oct. 9, 1872, Dr. Curtis." An added ticket reads "Wyoming Terr.?" Wil- 

 low Creek in Wyoming Territory flows into the South Fork of the Platte 

 River, another affluent of the Missouri. The correctness of the tickets accom- 

 panying the Yellowstone River specimens is at any rate unquestioned, and 

 it thus appears that this species has encroached upon the territory of Cam- 

 barus in the area drained by tributaries of the Missouri River. The Teton 

 Basin specimens, it will be observed, come from a locality not far from the 

 water-shed dividing the waters which flow into the Pacific Ocean from those 

 which find their outlet in the Gulf of Mexico.* 



Girard's types, collected by Dr. Gambel, are said to have come from Cali- 

 fornia ; but whether they wei-e taken within the pi-esent limits of that State 

 I do not know. The only other specimens of A. Gamhelii seen by me which 

 could possibly have come from California are a few in the U. S. National 

 Museum (No. 4855), labelled, '• Found in bottle containing specimens from 

 Santa Barbara, Dr. Webb." I doubt whether these were collected at Santa 

 Barbara. I have seen no authentic specimens from California. 



THE EUROPEAN ASTACI. 



In addition to the long and well known Astacus flmiaiilis Auct., several 

 European forms have been described and named as distinct species from 

 time to time, so that there now stand on I'ecord eleven nominal species from 

 within the limits of Europe, viz. : Astacus fluvudilis Rondelet (1555), Can- 

 cer torrentium Schrank (1803), A. leptodachjlus Eschscholtz (1823), A. saxaiiUs 

 Koch (1835?), A. irisiis Koch (1835), A. awjulosus Rathke (1836), A. pach>/pus 

 Rathke (1836), A. Caspius Eichwald (1838), A. longicornis Lereboullet (1858), 

 A. pallipcs Lereboullet (1858), and A.fontinulis Carbonnier (1869). To these 

 was added a twelfth closely allied .species, A. Colchicus Kessler (1876), from 

 the Rion River, .south of Mount Caucasus. 



In 1846 all the Astacida) described down to that date underwent a re- 



* See page 130. 

 18 



