144 A REVISION OF THE ASTACID.E. 



■\vitli those of A. torrentium, and differ from those of the other European 

 species, as pointed out on page 140. 



Distribution. — Astactts pallij)es appears to be found chiefly in Southern 

 and Western Europe. According to Kessler, it is not found in Russia. Grube 

 collected it in Lake Vrana in the island of Cherso. Heller records it from 

 Greece, Dalmatia, the island of Veglia, Trieste, Lake Garda, and Genoa. In 

 France it is apparently common in the valley of the Rhone (I have seen 

 specimens from Fontaine de Vaucluse and from Lyons),* and has perhaps 

 passed from this valley into that of the Rhine, where it is known from Lake 

 Nenfchatel (at Montagny and Neufchatel), and from the neighborhood of 

 Strasburg. In the last-named region A. tormdium and A. fluviatilis are also 

 found (Lereboullet). The passage of the southern A. pallijm into Alsace 

 would be facilitated by the Rhine and Rhone Canal, as Klunzinger has 

 remarked.! Accoi'ding to the older authors, crayfishes are not foimd in 

 Spain, but it is certain that at the present day the market of Madrid is sup- 

 plied with a species of crayfish from the neighborhood of that city. " The 

 crayfish appears to be unknown in the rivers Douro and Tagus on the west- 

 ern side of the Peninsula, and in the Ebro on the eastern ; but it is found 

 abundantly in the Talegones and Escalote, rivulets forming part of the 

 sources of the Douro, in the Henares, one of the sources of the Tagus, and in 

 the upper part of the Jalon, an important tributary of the Ebro. Widely 

 separated, however, as these three rivers become in their courses to the 

 sea, both east and west, the rivulets I have mentioned as forming their prin- 

 cipal sources all take their rise within an area probably not more than 

 twenty miles square, situated nearly in the centre of Spain, and about 

 forty or fifty miles northeast of Madrid. It is from these small streams 

 that the Madrid market is supplied, .... and these streams are the only 

 ones well within the borders of the Peninsula in which, so far as I can dis- 

 cover, the crayfish is to be found The peculiar localization of these 



crustaceans in the centre of Spain suggests the idea of their having been 

 specially introduced, but experiments in acclimatization are, I believe, 

 imknown in the Peninsula." % 



Huxley tells us {np. cit., p. 298) that the crayfishes from the neighborhood 



* Gerstfeldt's "Steinkrebs " from the Rhone (op. cit., p. 577) is A. pallipes. 



t 111 tlie collection of the Academy of Natural Scieuces of riiikdeliihia are specimens from the Rhine 

 (Dr. Hallowell) and from Paris (Gucrin Coll., No. 2S1). 



{ Note on the Distribution of the Crayfisli (Astacus) iu Spain. By E. W. H. Holdsworth, F. L. S., 

 F. Z. S.. etc. Proc. Zoulog. Soc. London, 1S80, pp. 421, 422. 



