36 



LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 



^thyia americana. 



THE RED-HEADED DUCK. 



Anasfcrhm, WiLS. Am. Orii. VIII. 1814, 110, \A. 70, fig. 6 (not of Linn.). 



FuUguIa fcrina, Bonai'. Synop. 1828, 392. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 452. — Nutt. Man. 



II. 1834, 434. — AuD.'oni. Biog. IV. 1838, 198, pi. 322 ; Synop. 1839, 287 ; B. Am. VI. 1843, 



311, pi. 396. 

 FalujuJa americana, Eyton, Mon. Anat. 1838, 155. 



Aythtja fcrina, 5, amcricvm, Bonap. Compt. Rend. XLIII. Sept. 1856, 651. 

 Aythya americana, Baikd, B. N. Am. 1858, 793 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 591. 

 ^thyia americana, ScL. & Salv. Noin. Xcotr. 1873. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 618. 

 Aythya fcrina, var. americana, Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1872, 183. 

 FuHijuIa fcrina, var. americana, Coues, Key, 1872, 289 ; Check List, 1873, no. 503 ; B. N. W. 



1874, 575. 

 Faliiful a fcrina americana, CoUES, Che k List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 723. 

 Aythya erythroccphala, Bonap. Comp. I "st, 1838, 58. 



Hah. Tlie whole of North America, breeding from Central California and Maine, to the Fur 

 Countries ; Bahamas. 



Sp. Char. Bill much shorter than the middle toe (without claw), broad, the end moderately- 

 depressed, and with the nail decidedly decurved, the culmen about two and a half times the great- 

 est width of the maxilla, and decidedly concave. Adult male: Head and upper half, or more, 

 of the neck rich reddish chestnut, the latter glossed with reddish purple ; lower part of the 



neck, jugulum, anterior part of the back, 

 lower part of the rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 and crissum, black ; back, scapulars, sides, and 

 flanks, densely vermiculated with white and 

 dusky in about equal proportion ; anal re- 

 gion similarly, but more faintly, marked ; 

 entire abdomen immaculate white ; wing- 

 coverts deep plumbeous-gray, faintly and 

 minutely sprinkled with white ; secondaries 

 ('• speculum ") pale bluish gray, the upper 

 feathers edged with black, the others nar- 

 rowly tipped with white ; primaries dusky, 

 the inner quills slate-gray, except at ends ; 

 tail dusky. Bill pale blue, the end black ; 

 iris red ; feet bluish gray. Adult female : 

 Head and neck grayish brown, darkest 

 above ; the anterior part of the head light- 

 er, almost white on the chin and upper part 

 of the throat ; jugulum, sides, and Hanks 

 dull grayish brown, the feathers tipped with fulvous ; wings as in the male, but the coverts plain 

 slate-color; back and scapulars grayish brown, the feathers with paler tips ; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and tail dusky grayish lirown ; anal region paler ; longer lower tail-coverts whitish. Bill 

 plumbeous, the end black ; iris yellow ; i'eet plumbeous. Downy young (No. 82481, St. Clair Flats, 

 Mich., June 29, 1880; W. H. Collins) : Above, ochreous olive-brown, indistinctly relieved by an 

 olive-yellow spot back of eacli wing, one on the hind border of eacli aim-wing, and one on each 

 side of the rump ; entire liead and neck (except pileum and nape), with whole lower parts deep, 

 buff yellow, paler and less yellow on abdomen and anal region. No dark markings whatever on 

 side of head. Bill and feet light colored (brownish in dried skin). 



Total length, about, 20.00-21.00 inches ; extent, 33.00 ; wing, about 8.50 ; culmen, 2.05-2.25 ; 

 greatest width of bill, .75-85 ; tarsus, 1.60-1.65 ; middle toe, 2.30-2.40. 



The American Red-head Duck is quite distinct from the Pochard of Europe, though resembling 

 it very closely. The latter has the bill narrower and longer, in fact nearly intermediate in shape 



Male. 



