18 LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 



3. F. fuligula.i Occiput with a long, pendant, but closely appressed, crest ; back and scap- 



ulars plain black. "Wing, 7.60-8.10 inches; bill, 1.85-1.90 X .75-.85 X .55-.G5; tarsus, 

 1.25-1.30 ; middle toe, 2.05-2.10 ; Hab. Palsearctic Region ; accidental in Greenland '? 

 B. Speculum bluish gray, narrowly tipped with white ; sides and flanks grayish white, very 

 distinctly undulated with blackish. 



4. F. coUaris. Occij)ut without crest ; back and scapulars plain black ; lower neck with 



a more or less distinct collar of chestnut or dark reddish brown ; chin with a triangular 

 white spot. 



Fulix marila. 



THE SCAUP DUCK; BIG BLACK-HEAD OK BLUE-BILL. 



Le Millouinan, Buff. PI. Enl. 1002 (^ad. ). 



Anas marila, Linn. Faun. Suec. 2d ed. 1761, 39 ; S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 196. — ?"Wils. Am. Orn. 

 VIII. 1814, 84, pi. 69, fig. 3 (may be F. affinh). 



Fuligula marila, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 1824, 198. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 



453 (part; includes i^. a#jm). — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 437 (do.).— Aud. B. Am. VII. 1843, 



355, pi. 498 (not of VI. 1843, 316, pi. 397, nor of his earlier work.s, which = F. affinis). — 



C0UE.S, Key, 1872, 289 ; Check List, 1873, no. 500 ; 2d ed. 1882, no. 720 ; Birds N. W. 1874, 



573. 



Fulix marila, Baikd, B. N. Am. 1858, 791 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 588. — Ridgw. Norn. N. 

 Am. B. 1881, no. 614. 



Anas frcnata, Si'AiniM. Mus. Carls. 1786, pi. 38. 



Fuligula Gesneri, Eyton, Cat. Br. B. 1836, 58. 



Hab. Entire northern hemisphere ; in America, breeding far north. 



Sp. Char. Head, neck, and jugulum black, the first with a greenish gloss ; back and scapulars 

 white, irregularly undulated with zigzag lines of black ; wing-coverts dusky, finely grizzled with 

 grayish white ; secondaries white, tipped, and sometimes narrowly edged with black ; tertials black, 

 with a very faint bottle-green reflection ; jirimary-eoverts dusky black ; primaries similar, but the 

 inner quills pale grayish on outer webs, excejjt at ends, the gray growing whiter on the shorter feath- 

 ers ; rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, and crissum, dull black. Lower parts between the jugulum and 

 crissum white, the posterior portion (and sometimes the sides and flanks), zigzagged with dusky. 

 Bill pale blue (or bluish white) in life, the nail black ; iris bright yellow ; legs and feet pale slate. 

 Adult female : Head and neck sepia-brown, the anterior portion of the former, all round the base of 

 the bill, white ; jugulum, anal region, and crissum, pale grayish brown, fading gradually into the 

 white of the breast and abdomen ; sides and flanks deeper broAvn ; above, brownish dusky, the back 

 and scapulars but faintly or not at all grizzled with white ; wings much as in the male. 



Total length, about 18 to 20 inches ; extent, 29.50 to 35.00 ; wing, 8.25-9.00 ; culmen, 1.85- 

 2.20 ; width of bill near end, .85-1.05, at base, .70-.90 ; tarsus, 1.40-1.60 ; middle toe, 2.25-2.45. 



1 Fulix fuugula. The European Crested Duck. 

 Lc Morillon, Buff. PI. Eid. 1001 ( ^ ad.). 

 Anas fuligula, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 128 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 202. — Naum. Vbg. Deutschl. 



XII. 1844, 64, pi. 310. 

 Anas scandiaca, Gmel. S. N. I. 1788, 520. 

 Anns crislatM, Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816, 39. 



Fuligula cristata, Steph. Gen. Zool. XII. 1824, 190. — Bonap. Comp. List. 1838, 58. —Keys. 

 &Bl.\s. Wirb. Eur. 87. — Macoill. Man. IL 189. — Gray, Gen. B. III. 621 ; Cat. Brit. 

 B. 1863, 199. 

 Anas cohjmbis, Pall. Zoog. Ro.sso-As. II. 1826, 266. 



Tu fled Duel; Yaiir. Brit. B. ed. 2, III. 351, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 353, fig. ; et Auct. 

 Sp. Chap. Adult, male: Head and neck glos.sy black, .showing purple and green reflections in certain 

 lights ; pendant occipital crest, and lower part of neck (forming indistinct collar) brownish ; upper parts 

 in general, jugulum, breast, and crissum brownish Mack, the back and scapulars minutely freckled with 

 grayish. Sp(!culum white, widely tipped with black ; primaries light brownish gray, their ends, with 

 entire outer web of two outer quills, blackish. Entire abdomen, .sides, and flaidcs, immaculate white. 



