202 



LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



Rissa tridactyla. 



THE KITTIWAKE GULL. 

 (I. Tridactyla. 



Larus tridadylus, Linx. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136; ed. 12, I. 1766, 224. — Sw. & Rich. II. 



1831, 423. — NUTT. Man. II. 1834, 298. — AuD. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 18G, pi. 224 ; Synop. 1839, 



326 ; B. Am. VII. 1844, 146, pi. 444. — CouES, Key, 1872, 314 ; Check List, 1873, no. 552. 

 Rissa tridactyla, Bona p. C'onip. List, 1838, 62. — Lawk, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 854. — Baikd, 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 672. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 163 (synonymy, etc.). — Bidgw. 



Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 658. — Coues, 2d Check List, 1S82, no. 782. 

 Larus (Rissa) tridactyla, CouES, B. N. W. 1874, 644. 



Lams rissa, Bkunn. Orn. Bor. 1764, 42. — Linn. S. N. ed. 12, L 1766, 224. 

 Lariis albiis, Mullek, Natuisyst. 1776, 108 (based on Bufibn's Moucttc cendrec tachdh). 

 Larus cinerarias, Fabu. Fauna Grcenl. 1780, 101 (not of Linn. 1766. — Winter plumage). 

 Lants namus, Schaff. ]\Ius. Orn. 1789, 64 (not of Linn.). 

 Larus torquatas. Pall. Zoog. Pvosso-As. II. 1826, 328. 

 Larus canus. Pall. t. e. 330 (not of Linn.). 

 Lanes gavia. Pall. t. c. 329. 



Larus riga, Gmel. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 594 (misprint). 



Rissa Brunnichii, Leach, Stephen's Gen. Zool. XIII. i. 1826, 181, pi. 21. 

 Rissa cinerea, Eyton, Cat. Br. B. 1836, 52. 

 Laroidcs minor, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 756. 

 Rissa borealis, Biiehm, Naum. 1855, 294 (not Larus horcalis, Bruch). 

 Rissa gregaria, Breiim, 1. c. 



b. Pollicaris. 



Larus rissa, Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 321 (not of Brunn. ). 



Larus tridactylus, Kittl. Isis, 1832, 1104 (not of Ltnn.). 



Larus (Rissa) brachyrhynchus, Bruch, J. f. 0. 1853, 103, sp. 31 (nee Richardson, 1831, nee 



Gould, 1843). 

 Rissa nivea, Bp. Naum. 1854, 212 {nomcii nudum; not of Gray, 1845). 



Rissa Kotzcbid, Bonap. Con.sp. II. 1856, 226 (not of 1854 ! . — Elliot, Illustr. B. Am. pi. 54. 

 Larus tridactylus, v&v. Kotzebui, CouEs, Key, 1872, 314; Check List, 1S73, no. 552 « ; B. N. "\V. 



1874, 646 ; Elliott's Alaska, 1875, 199. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzbuei, Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 658 a. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzebuii, Coues, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 783. 

 Rissa tridactyla pollicaris, Stejn. MS. 



^' ^•, 



R. tridactyla. 



