318 LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



A. SnialliT (\vin_L,' 8.50 inches or less) ; head wholly dusky ov black. 



1. H. nigra. Upper tail-coverts and tail pluinlieous, like the back ; wings uniform plumbeous. 



a. Lower parts plumbeous, scarcely, if at all, darker than the upper surface. Hab. 



Europe nigra} 



/3. Lower parts black, much darker than the upper parts, which are decidedly darker than 



in //. niijra. Ilab. America surinamensis. 



2. H. leucoptera. Uppei- tail-coverts and tail white, sometimes shaded with pearl-gray ; 



anterior lesser wing-coverts white, lower parts black, as in ff. surinamensis. Hab. Palte- 

 arctic Region ; accidental in North America (Wisconsin ; Kdmliex). 



B. Laru'tT (wiuL,' O..")0 inches) ; a liroad white stripe on side of the head, below the eye. 



3. H. leucopareia- iMitire jiilcuni, including lores and nape, uniform black ; a wide stripe on 



the side of the head, from the chin and rictus back to the nape, beneath the eyes, also the 

 cri.ssum and lining of the wing, white ; rest of the plumage uniform light bluish plumbeous. 

 Hab. Palsearctic Region ; accidental in West Indies. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis, 



THE BLACK TERN. 



Sterna surinamensis, Gmel. S. N. I. 1788, 604. 



Hydrochelidon surinamensis, Bonap. Compt. Rend. 1856, 773. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis surinamensis, Rinow. Noni. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 693. 



Hydroclieiidon nigra surinamensis, Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, 1882, 40. 



Sterna plumbea, WiLS. Am. Orn. VII. 1813, 83, pi. 83 (= young). 



Hydrochelidon plumbea, Lawu. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 864. — Baird, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 



no. 695. 

 Sterna nigra, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 415 (nee Linn.). — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 282. — Aud. 



Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 593 ; V. 1839, 642, pi. 180; Synop. 1839, 320; B. Am. VII. 1844, 116, 



pi. 438. 

 Hydrochelidon nigra (part), Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 642. 

 Hydrochelidon fissipes (part), CouES, Pr. Philad. Acad. 1862, 554 (nee Sterna fissipes, Linn.) ; Key, 



1872, 323 ; Check List, 1873, no. 575. 

 Hydrochelidon lariformis -(pait), Coues, B. N. AV. 1874, 704 (nee Rallns lariformis, Linn.) ; 2d 



Check List, 1882, no. 806. 



Hab. The whole of temperate North America, and portions of tropical America ; north to 

 Alaska, south to Chili ; breeds thi'oughout its range, except toward the extreme south. 



Sp. Char. Adult, in summer : Head, neck, an<l lower parts sooty Idack, the head and neck, 

 especially above, nearly pure black ; anal region and crissum pure white. Entire upper parts 



1 Hydrocheliuon nigra. 



Sterna nigra, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 137 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 227. 



Hydrochelidon nigra, Boie, Isis, 1822, 563. 



Rallus lariformis, LiNN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 153. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis, Coues, B. N. W. 1874, 704 (part). 



Sterna na;via, Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 228 (ex Briss. ; = Rallns lariformis of ed. 10). 



2 Hydrochelidon leucoparkia. 



Sterna leucopareia, Natterer, in Temni. Man. 1820, 726. 



Hydrodielido-n leucopareia, Gould, Handb. to B. Austr. II. 1865, 406. 



Sterna java-nica, HoiisF. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 1820, 198. 



Sterna grisea, HoRSF. t. c. 199. 



Sterna hyhrida, Pall. Zoog. Ros.so-As. II. 1826, 338. 



Hydrochelidon hyhrida. Gray, Gen. P.. III. 1846, 660. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, 640. 



Sterna Delamottei, Vikii.l. Faun. Fr. 1828, 402. 



Sterna similis. Gray & IIardw. Illu.str. Iiul. Zool. I. 1882, pi. 70, fig. 2. 



Hydrochelidon fluviatilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, 140. 



Hydrochelidon Dclalandii, Bonap. Coinpt. Rend .\LII. 1856, 773. 



Sterna innotata, Beavan, Ibis, 1868, 404 (young). 



