BAUMGARTNER: COPULATION IN GRYLLID^. 331 



most quadrilateral, formed by a thin membrane stretched over 

 three small cartilaginous pieces. One of these is median and 

 connects directly with the vesicle. It is tubular and contains 

 a horny thread which continues well beyond the plate. The 

 other two, situated to the right and left, are arch shaped, and 

 their two ends covered by the membrane, form on either side 

 two tooth-like hooks which serve to fix the apparatus in the 

 vagina. The size of the spermatophore varies a little but 

 ordinarily it attains almost 4 mm. from the papilla to the end 

 of the plate. The thread appears longer or shorter according 

 as it projects more or less from its tube. The spermatophore 

 is of different consistency in different parts. The vesicle is 

 extremely solid and its walls are very thick, while the plate 

 and its cartilaginous thread are soft at the moment of 

 copulation ; besides, it is covered by a white, thick liquid which 

 presents to me all the characteristics of a sperm fluid. The 

 thick, hard vesicle, composed apparently of double walls, to- 

 ward the extremities is hollowed out at the center. The round- 

 ish cavity is full of sperm. At one end a blind tube projects 

 from the cavity into the ampulla. At the other end the cavity 

 continues as a straight canal through the whole length of the 

 plate. This canal contains the horny thread. 



"The white liquid which covers the plate when first removed 

 from the female shows, when examined with a high magnifier, 

 a large number of small, thread-like zoosperms. They are 

 about .04 mm. long and .002 mm. thick. These same bodies in 

 great number fill the cavity of the vesicle. They were never 

 united into feather-like bundles, nor did they ever show any 

 movement. The fluid taken from the testis of the male or the 

 copulating pouch of the female contains many very similar 

 zoosperms. These never exhibited movement, however 

 treated. Put into water, some of them twisted themselves 

 into knots. 



"When the female lets the spermatophore fall the walls of 

 the vesicle are slightly ridged, but it still contains some sperm. 

 The horny thread is no longer found in the tube of the plate." 



I have quoted the above description at length because it 

 gives many facts as I find them in our American species. 



The vesicle and the plate are similar to those described 

 above (see figs. 1 and 2). The thread is not contained in the 

 tube, but it is the tube itself continued, and it is much longer, 

 and bent back so as to run parallel with the plane of the plate 



