MARTIN: SOME PUEBLO RUINS. 21 



paper taken from the narrative of Fray Silvestie Velez de 

 Escalante, April 2, 1778, translated "In the Land of Sunshine," 

 we find that Don Archuleta found in the possession of the 

 Indians of Quartelejo pieces of copper and tin, and that they 

 said they had procured them from the Quivera pueblos, to 

 which they had journeyed from Quartelejo. 



If these Indians had visited Quivira as they claimed, and 

 Quivira and Harahey was where Brower and Hodge have lo- 

 cated it, northeast of Quartelejo, then the presence in the ruins 

 of the sandstone arrow straighteners can be satisfactorily ex- 

 plained, and the possession of knives and arrow heads of the 

 Harahey type and material does tend to prove they had com- 

 municated in some way with the Quivira settlement. The 

 arrow straighteners referred to, and which were found in the 

 ruins, are made of the Dakota Cretaceous sandstone. 



The writer has found many arrow straighteners on the west- 

 em Kansas prairie made by the plains Indians, within a few 

 miles of the ruins, but these were all of a different and harder 

 material. Dakota sandstone in any shape is intrusive in the 

 neighborhood of the ruins, but a journey to Quivira by the 

 Indians of the Quartelejo would take them directly through 

 the outcroppings of Dakota sandstone which occur in Ells- 

 worth, Barton and Rice counties, and enable them to procure 

 and carry back with them this valuable acquisition. 



In a previous paper the writer made mention of a peculiar 

 U-shaped structure that looked like it might have been used 

 for the baking of pottery, on the raised platform-like center 

 piece, a photograph of which is shown on plate VI, fig. 3. 

 This, Dr. F. W. Hodge, in the American Anthropologist of 

 October and December, 1900, says is a typical pueblo grinding 

 trough, and on the raised platform in the center was undoubt- 

 edly fixed the grinding stone. 



The small fireplace and chimney built into the wall of room 

 V is due to the influence of Spanish associations, for at this 

 early date chimneys were unknown to the Pueblo Indians 

 of New Mexico. The chimney leading to the roof was carried 

 up the center of the wall between rooms V and VI, and was 

 plastered inside, provision being made to allow for room for 

 this by a thickening of the wall at this point. It is of course 

 not known of what material the inner walls were composed, 

 but from the amount of rock that had been removed from the 

 ruins for building purposes by settlers the past twenty years, 



3-Univ. Sci. Bull., Vol. V. No. 2. 



