20 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



more than probable that after the Pawnees had annihilated 

 Villazur and his soldiers they also, to check the inroads and 

 settlement of the Spanish and their allies, destroyed the Quar- 

 telejo, thus effectually clearing the whole country north of the 

 Arkansas river. This would admirably account for the entire 

 pueblo and settlement being destroyed by fire, as it undoubt- 

 edly was. From the position of the utensils and implements 

 found, a very hurried departure must have been made from 

 the main structure. Most of the meal-grinding apparatus 

 found in each room appeared to be left in a group, as though 

 just laid aside after use. This, and the finding of so much 

 charred corn in most of the rooms, would surely indicate that 

 no prearranged plan of evacuation had been decided upon. 

 That the ruins are those of the Quartelejo mentioned by the old 

 Spanish writers, to which conclusion Doctor Williston came 

 after seeing the group of relics obtained, there can be no doubt. 



Dr. F. W. Hodge, of the Bureau of Ethnology, says, in the 

 American Anthropologist, volume 2, October and December, 

 1900, that he regards the discovery of the ruins as of great in- 

 terest, that they are of typical pueblo fashion, and, in conclu- 

 sion, says : ''The former existence of this pueblo has been 

 known to students of southwestern history and ethnology for a 

 number of years, but not until the publication of the results of 

 the investigation had its situation been known, and there is no 

 reasonable doubt that the identification is correct, for pueblo 

 architecture is intrusive in Kansas." 



If the identification by Doctor Williston as Quartelejo is cor- 

 rect, then the exact locality of this pueblo, so often referred to 

 by the old Spanish writers, and to which Don Juan de Archu- 

 leta journeyed, is assured, and as such should be of great value 

 in assisting to prove more definitely that the localities desig- 

 nated by Brower and Hodge as the site of Quivera and Hara- 

 hey are correct, and thus have some bearing as to the probable 

 line of march of Coronado, and help to prove that he did cross 

 the Arkansas river. 



Brower says, in his "Harahey," page 27, volume 2 : "When 

 the final acceptance shall have been established that Coronado 

 reached and crossed the Arkansas river and followed its course 

 to the great bend, then the true site of Quivira and Harahey 

 will have been finally reached and comprehensively under- 

 stood." 



By referring to a quotation given by Doctor Williston in his 



