4 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



ified to the west. The fossils consist of the leaves of such 

 genera as Quercus, Sassafras, Salix, Ficus, Protophyllum, 

 Platanus, Betulites, etc., all land plants. 



Near the contact line the diversified nature is well shown. 

 Yellow, red, brown and white sandstones are found, both con- 

 solidated and loose. These colors may be in separate layers 

 or all in the same stone, in a space six inches square. In places 

 a conglomerate predominates. In Charleston township, Wash- 

 ington county, about a quarter of a mile west of the line be- 

 tween sections 23 and 24, there are twenty-five to thirty feet 

 of variegated, multi-colored clays, such as are typical of the 

 Dakota a little west of Brookville, Saline county. The local 

 name for this is "rainbow" clay, all the colors of the rainbow 

 being jumbled into a variegated mass. There is no consist- 

 ency in the structure in the easternmost outcrop of the Da- 

 kota. Within a quarter of a mile a road may cut through 

 both a deposit of hard dark-red sandstone and a light-colored 

 clay. In the sandstone cross-bedding is very much in evi- 

 dence. In places large nodules of iron pyrites are found, while 

 iron-oxide concretions of various sizes and shapes interest the 

 inhabitants throughout the region. 



The loose Dakota sands wash far down over the Permian 

 and often obscure the contact. 



As the sandstone is very porous, while the limestones and 

 shales of the Permian are impervious, springs are found along 

 the contact line and are helpful in locating it. 



Pleistocene. — Glacial drift of the Kansan ice sheet. This 

 formation overlies the five northern rows of townships in the 

 region mapped. It is as diversified in character as the forma- 

 tions underlying it. Besides the sands and boulders of quartz- 

 ite, greenstone, granite, etc., it is composed of fragments of 

 Permian and Dakota rocks, the latter generally forming the 

 bulk of the deposits. This is probably due to the fact that the 

 Dakota formation extends some distance to the east in the 

 region north of Kansas, thus lying directly in the path of the 

 Kansan ice sheet. In the region of Hanover (and several 

 other places) these materials have been cemented together into 

 a conglomerate. Variegated clays and other clays, resembling 

 those of the Dakota, have been deposited in places. 



This causes some very perplexing problems in locating the 

 contact in the drift-covered region. In the first place, it ob- 



