BIGELOW: THE "GRAMPUS" IN THE GULF STREAM. 201 



red color. Judging from the similarity between the pigment and that 

 of many intermediate organisms it is not unlikely that this cephalopod 

 belongs to the intermediate fauna, and that the specimens were brought 

 to the surface by some horizontal disturbance of the water. 



Among larger surface forms flying fish were frequently noted so long 

 as we were in the warm waters of the Stream, as were several schools of 

 whales and porpoises. The only birds observed in the Stream were 

 Wilson's petrels (Oceanites oceanirus) and the Greater Shearwater (Pujji- 

 nus grans). 



As already noted, surface hauls were made on the homeward trip 

 around Cape Cod for the purpose of comparing the Plankton of the cold 

 waters with that of the Gulf Stream, and the usual characteristic dif- 

 ferences were noted. At Station 15, a haul with the five-foot open net 

 was made at 15 fathoms and at the surface. At this station great masses 

 of small pink copepods were* taken, as well as several specimens of the 

 characteristic northern Clione limacma (Phipps), and a large quantity of 

 Spinalis. Many small specimens of Cyanea aretica were noted on the sur- 

 face, and several collected. The sudden absence of Salpae on passing into 

 the colder water has already been noted. Although no remarkable forms 

 were taken, the contents of this and the ensuing hauls, which contained 

 much the same species, are of considerable interest from the faunistic 

 standpoint, as showing how sudden is the demarcation between the sur- 

 face faunae of the cold and warm waters off Cape Cod, the yield being 

 composed of species entirely different from those taken in the Gulf 

 Stream. The surface temperature at this station had already dropped 

 to 64° and at 30 fathoms it was only 54.5°. From this point northward 

 no more Sargassum was observed but in its place considerable masses of 

 Fucus were seen. In this weed we took a species of Balistes distinct 

 from the one captured in the Sargassum. 



The Intermediate Fauna. 



The intermediate collecting was carried on chiefly by means of hauls 

 with a five-foot open net of the ordinary "Albatross" pattern, coarse 

 meshed, only the last three feet being lined with bolting silk. For gen- 

 eral work of this sort the value of a large net cannot be overestimated, and 

 it is equally important that at least most of its surface be of coarse mesh ; 

 otherwise the passage of water is too slow and the fabric soon becomes 

 clogged. Apstein 1 has already observed that the ordinary fine plankton 



1 Salpen der deutschen Tiefsee-expedition. Wis8. Ergeb. der deutschen Tiefsee- 

 expedition, Bd. 12, lief. 3, 1906. 



