190 BULLETIN OF THE 



have any trace of white on them, or any light coloration. A form in which 

 the hrown coloration of the ordinary lunata coalesces to form two or more 

 dark bands with lighter interspaces is the zonale of Linsley, but the banded 

 specimens from off ftatteras in deep water, which have been referred to zonale 

 by Prof. Verrill and Miss Bush, appear to me to be a distinct species, and have 

 nothing to do with lunata. An unusually dark, stout, and stumpy variety 

 from the Carolina coast has been determined from authentic specimens to be 

 the C. spizantha of Ravenel. The coloration is much like that of the ordinary 

 lunata, but the spots are more disconnected and squarer. A smaller, brighter, 

 more polished, and elegantly colored pale variety is that which, following the 

 general rule of species having a wide distribution, is found toward its southern 

 limit in South Florida, Cuba, etc., northward to the Carolinas, and which has 

 received the name of C. Duclosiana Orbigny. The typical A. lunata is abun- 

 dant in Florida but does not extend south of it, and in South Florida is largely 

 replaced by the variety Duclosiana. The latter farther north, as off the coast 

 of the Carolinas, is found, not along the shore, like the typical form, but in 

 15-50 fms. water, in a temperature of 65° to 80° F. 



The genuine deep-water or archibenthal species are distinguished, as far as 

 I have been able to examine them, by a larger and more inflated nucleus than 

 that carried by the littoral species. It is possible that, in the absence of violent 

 struggle characteristic of life in the depths as compared with the shores, a large 

 number of young in each capsule may become less necessary and the size of 

 the individuals more important. Of these speiies we have A. Raveneli Dall 

 (C nivea Ravenel, not Sowerby), larger, more elongated than A. pura, and 

 recalling a minute A. rosacea Gould. Dr. Rush dredged it in 205 fms., off 

 the coast of Florida, and the U. S. Fish Commission at Station 2602, in 124 

 fms., sand, off Hatteras, the bottom temperature being 61°.0 F. So far as 

 known, A. pura Verrill is more northern in its distribution, having been 

 obtained in the deep water off the southeast coast of New England. 



Another species is Astyris multUineata Dall, which has been referred to 

 A. lunata var. zonale by some writers. It is longer, and proportionally more 

 slender and acute, than any form of A. lunata. The whorls are less rounded, 

 the spire has a somewhat flattened appearance, and the periphery is obscurely 

 angulated, even in the last whorl of the adult. But the character which most 

 clearly distinguishes it, in its typical form, is the coloration ; which consists of 

 five or six pale brown narrow even spiral lines, alternating with straw-colored 

 interspaces, on the last whorl. From its uniformity in a large number of 

 specimens this character seems to be stable and diagnostic. In dead shells the 

 brown lines fade, and among live ones there is a pure white variety which is 

 distinguishable from A. Raveneli by its form and smaller size (4.5 mm. long by 

 2.0 mm. wide, while A. Raveneli measures 5.5 by 2.2 mm., and A. pura about 

 4.0 by 2.5 mm.), and from A. pura, which is still smaller, by its more polished 

 compact appearance and more slender form. A. multUineata has been ob- 

 tained from U. S. Fish Commission Stations 2592, 2595, 2601, 2602, and 2614, 

 in from 63 to 168 fms., sand, with a bottom temperature of 61° to 78° F. 



