282 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



mitted me to examine the material under their charge, and 

 in several cases to remove data and material for further study : 

 Professor Wilson, of Ottawa University ; Professor Shattuck, 

 of Washburn College ; Prof. E. A. Popenoe, of the Kansas 

 State Agricultural College; and Mr. Eugene Smyth, cura- 

 tor of the Kansas Academy of Science. 



I have received valuable material for study from Doctor 

 Newlon, of Oswego; Mr. H. T. Martin, of the University ; 

 Mr. W. R. B. Robertson, Mr. Brenman, and Professor Smith, 

 of Minneapolis, Kan. Mr. Wm. H. Dall, curator of mollusks. 

 National Museum, has kindly contributed data which is cred- 

 ited in the text. 



Although the geographical distribution is left for more ex- 

 tensive treatment in a future paper, the following outline of 

 the hydrography of Kansas is inserted to make clear the 

 geographical references in the notes : 



The streams of Kansas reach the Mississippi by two chan- 

 nels — the Missouri river and the Arkansas river. The streams 

 of the state group themselves into three general systems. To 

 the north the Kansas system, consisting of the Kansas river 

 and its tributaries and emptying into the Missouri on its ap- 

 proach to the east state line. This system drains the northern 

 half of the state. The Osage river, together with its tributary, 

 the Marais des Cygnes, drains a triangular area having for 

 its limits the central third of the eastern state line and ex- 

 tending west as far as the ninety-seventh meridian. The 

 Osage flows into the Missouri river about half-way across 

 the state of that name. The southern half of the state is 

 drained in the west by the Arkansas river, and in the east 

 by a number of parallel streams flowing southward which I 

 have called the ''clear-water streams" of the southern drain- 

 age. These streams eventually join the Arkansas. The most 

 important of these are the Verdigris, the Walnut, the Neosho, 

 and the Spring. 



