35. 

 36. 

 37. 

 38. 

 39. 

 40. 

 41. 

 42. 

 43. 

 44. 

 45. 



46. 



Cheese made with the curds from sour milk: cottage cheese, Schmierkase, curds, Bibbelkase, cook-cheese, smetlak. 



Hard center of a cherry: pit, seed, stone, heart. 



Hard center of a peach: stone, pit, seed. 



Beans that are snapped and cooked in the pods: string beans, green beans, pole beans, beans. 



Outer covering of an ear of com: husks, shucks, sheafs, shells. 



Small, land-bound squirrel-like animal: gopher, chipmunk, ground squirrel. 



Worm used for bait: worms, angleworms, earthworms, rainworms, redworms. 



Insect with four long and narrow, transparent wings, often found near ponds: dragonfly, darning needle, stinger, snake doctor. 



Small insect that gives off light: firefly, lightning bug, fire bug, light bug, glow worm, June bug. 



A number of maple trees standing together: maple grove, grove, cluster, orchard, arbor, clump, sugar bush. 



Vehicle with four wheels and a cowl for a small baby — a crib, not a chair, on wheels: baby buggy, buggy, carriage, baby carriage, 



perambulator, stroller. 



Noisy, burlesque serenade after a wedding: shivaree, reception, charivari, shindig, hullabaloo. 



Fieldworker's Name: 



Please answer the following questions without identifying yourself: 



Sex Race Age Highest grade reached in school 



Languages other than English . 



Ethnic background 



Neighborhood name 



How long have you lived here? . 

 Birthplace . 



Other towns, states, or countries you have lived in (please give approximate dates): 



Have you traveled much outside Chicago? Yes or No 

 If so, where? 



Parents' birthplace 



Father . 



Mother 



Occupation . 



Grandfather _ 

 Grandmother . 

 Grandfather _ 

 Grandmother . 



But perhaps the most striking example in the realm of 

 everyday, non-commercial folk speech is the replace- 

 ment of the northern dialectal term mouth organ by the 

 commercial term harmonica in the speech of most native 

 Chicagoans. The fact that harmonica is an international 

 word (cf. , German Mundharmonika) may have influ- 

 enced this development. But an even more powerful in- 

 fluence has undoubtedly been the distribution of the 

 famous and widely used Hohner harmonica, particularly 

 through the medium of the Sears catalog. Indeed, the 

 Sears catalog has had such a powerful impact on the 

 American vocabulary for everyday objects that it de- 

 serves a separate study by itself. 



People often think that urbanism obliterates or 

 diminishes dialectal variation in language, but our 

 investigation at the Field Museum demonstrates that 

 this is an oversimplification. Many farm terms associ- 



ated with dialect boundaries survive in urban speech, 

 even when the people using them have long since lost 

 precise referents or are unclear about exact meanings. 

 Furthermore, technological change and the accompany- 

 ing commercialism of formerly folk terms seem far more 

 important than urbanization itself. Rather than ob- 

 literating the folk vocabulary, urbanization seems to 

 fragment it. Then, the technological change and com- 

 mercialization associated with urban culture add addi- 

 tional layers of vocabulary. In addition, however, urban 

 cultures create their own, sometimes highly localized, 

 folk vocabulary. 



Chicagoanisms 



There are many Chicago localisms — Chicagoanisms — 

 but most Chicagoans don't notice them because they 



