non-Chinese peoples who predominated in the region at that period 

 rather than on the classical culture of the Chinese, whose culture 

 subsequently spread over the south, destroying or pushing back the 

 non-Chinese cultures indigenous to the region. 



Roland W. Force, Curator of Oceanic Archaeology and Eth- 

 nology, joined the Museum staff on June 15, 1956, immediately 

 following his return to the United States after eighteen months of 

 ethnological field work in Micronesia. While in the field, Curator 

 Force, then Associate in Ethnology on the staff of Bernice P. Bishop 

 Museum in Honolulu, engaged in research that was part of a broad 

 program under the auspices of the Tri-Institutional Pacific Program 

 (Yale University, University of Hawaii, and Bishop Museum 

 participating). Specific foci of study were the nature of social 

 structure, political change, and leadership in the Palau Islands of 

 the Western Carolines. He has been engaged in the arrangement of 

 field materials for publication since his return from the Pacific. 

 While on his way to the Museum from the Palaus, he inspected 

 Pacific collections in Manila, Hongkong, Taipei, Tokyo, Seattle, 

 and Santa Fe and, in November, in Milwaukee. 



Some research on fossil man in Europe and some inquiry into 

 origins of Navaho silversmithing were undertaken by George I. 

 Quimby, Curator of North American Archaeology and Ethnology, 

 in connection with the exhibition program. His major research, 

 however, was on problems of archaeology and environment in the 

 upper Great Lakes area. For data he visited museums and uni- 

 versities in Michigan and Wisconsin and consulted with archae- 

 ologists, geologists, botanists, and pollen specialists. Field work was 

 undertaken in Ontario and in the upper peninsula of Michigan. 

 Tentative propositions resulting from Great Lakes studies are: 

 Paleo-Indians making use of fluted points of chipped stone probably 

 lived in the Great Lakes region from Late Cary times (Port Huron 

 glacial advance) until after the Valders glacial advance. In terms 

 of radiocarbon dates (not universally accepted) this period would 

 have been from about 10,500 B.C. to about 8500 B.C., a period 

 embracing two glacial advances and one interstadial and several 

 different stages in the development of the Great Lakes. The 

 mysterious Old Copper culture flourished sometime in the period 

 between the Lake Algonquin stage and the Lake Nipissing stage, 

 essentially a period of falling water-levels culminating in water- 

 planes 350 feet to 400 feet below modern levels in the upper Great 

 Lakes. In terms of radiocarbon dates, this period lasted from some 

 time before 6000 B.C. to about 2000 B.C. 



40 



