Jan., 1913. Annual Report of the Director. 217 



describing the field and in a few words and in simple language, the more 

 important features of the oils of that field. The heavy oils and lubricat- 

 ing oils are grouped according to method of manufacture into reduced 

 oils, paraffin oils, etc., and according to their uses into spindle oils, 

 engine oils, cylinder oils, etc. Groups of kerosenes, gasolines and 

 naphthas are not shown for obvious reasons. The few specimens of 

 these needed to logically cover the subject of petroleum and its deriv- 

 atives are represented by bottles filled with a non-freezable mixture of 

 alcohol and water. At the time the petroleum collection was removed 

 from the west annex plans had been made for a rather complete collec- 

 tion illustrating the applications of paraffin. For such part of this 

 material as had already been prepared room has been found in the 

 cases. The display consists of paraffins, candles and a number of 

 articles illustrating the applications of paraffin, especially its applica- 

 tion to articles of ordinary household use. Although as it stands this 

 collection is rather fragmentary, completion of the paraffin exhibit as 

 planned is barred at present by lack of space. The vaseline exhibit 

 has been transferred from the somewhat heterogeneous lot of bottles 

 in which it was hitherto displayed to uniform, tall, oil-sample bottles 

 of the kind used for the crude petroleums. The collection on exhibition 

 contains examples of the materials from which vaseline is made, vas- 

 elines of several grades, and vaseline preparations adapted to many 

 toilet, pharmaceutical and other uses. A variety of objects in the 

 preparation of which gasoline or kerosene has been used are also shown 

 to illustrate the use of these materials in dyeing, painting, lacquering, 

 and various other arts. A series of selected specimens of oils and their 

 associated fossils is shown in sufficient number to illustrate the condi- 

 tions under which the valuable deposits of petroleum occur. A com- 

 plete quantitative exhibit illustrates the quantity of each product, 

 intermediate or final, yielded by refining one barrel of petroleum. 

 This formerly occupied several large cases but by avoiding unnecessary 

 duplication a complete exhibit has been installed in one wall case. It 

 has moreover been arranged in a more logical order, and thus the refin- 

 ing process may be followed more readily than formerly. As it now 

 stands a barrel representing one barrel of petroleum occupies one end 

 of the case and the products of distillation the rest of the case. The 

 lighter oils are placed in the upper part of the case and heavier oils 

 and solids in the lower part. Large labels by the side of each specimen 

 explain in simple language just what the specimen is, how it is prepared 

 and what becomes of it. Individual labels have been printed and placed 

 for all the specimens, and also group labels wherever such labels can be 

 used to advantage. While the whole of the material formerly exhibited 



