31G THE PLAGIOSTOMJA. 



Temera hardwickii. 



Temera hardwickii Gray, 1831, Zool. misc., 1, p. 7; Gray& Hardwicke, 1834, 111. Ind. zool., 2, pi. 102, 

 f. 1; Muller & Hen-le, 1841, Plagios., p. 131, pi. 00, f. 2; T. Cantor, 1849, Malay fishes, p. 420, 

 pi. 12; Dumeril, 1852, Rev. & mag. zool., p. 45; 1865, Elasm., p. 524; Bleeker, 1860, Nat. 

 tijds. Ned. Ind., 20, p. 451; Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 455. 



Form resembling that of Narke. Disk subcircular, little wider than long, 

 outline less convex in front. Anterior nasal valves confluent, reaching the mouth. 

 Eyes small, in the forward sixth of the disk. Spiracles small, close behind the 

 eyes, not fringed. Mouth small, protractile; dental bands narrow, teeth obtuse 

 (in females). No dorsal fins. Yentrals large, broad, elongate, subtriangular, 

 well developed. Caudal skin smooth, naked. 



Six inches in total length. 



Uniform brownish, or with darker markings or lighter spots. 



Originally described from Penang. 



Raiidae. 



Body and head much depressed and united with the pectorals forming a 

 rhomboid disk. Tail distinct, depressed, with lateral folds. Dorsals small, behind 

 the mid length of the tail. Eyes and spiracles superior. Mouth inferior; teeth 

 small, numerous, in pavement. Gill-openings inferior, small. Skin generally 

 more or less rough with small sharp spines and larger tubercles. In most, if 

 not all, of the genera the male sex is provided with a group of erectile tenacula 

 near the middle of the upper side of each pectoral. Oviparous. Fossil genera 

 are found in the Upper Cretaceous and later. 



Rostral cartilage produced from the skull, pointed 

 pectorals widely separated in front 

 ventrals deeply notched 



dorsals near the end of the tail . . . Raia (page 317) 



dorsals distant from the end of the tail . Uraptera (page 367) 

 pectorals separated in front, with a lateral process 

 ventrals notched 



dorsals near the end of the tail . . Dactylobatus (page 368) 

 Rostral cartilage absent or soft 



pectorals somewhat narrowly separated in front 



ventrals with a shallow notch; caudal rudimentary 



Sympterygia (page 369) 



