318 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



European Species. 

 Raia radttla. 



Raia radula Delaroche, 1809, Ann. Mus. hist, nat, 13, p. 321; Risso, 1S26, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 



151; Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 133; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 534; Gunth., 1870, 



Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 461; Moreau, 1881, Poiss. France, 1, p. 421. 

 Raia I'irgata Geoffrot Saint-Hilaire, 1827, Descript. Egypt, 1, p. 337, pi. 26, f. 2, 3. 

 Dasybatus radula Bonaparte, 1840, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci, p. 487, pi. 64. 

 Raia atra Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 134, pi. 45; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 535; Gunth., 



1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 461. 

 Balis radula Bonaparte, 1846, Cat. pesci Eur., p. 12, no. 11. 

 Raia radula var. atra Doderlein, 1884, Man. ittiol. Medit., 3, p. 210. 



Disk rhomboid, subcircular, angles blunt, anterior angle bluntly rounded 

 or subtruncated, forward margins little undulated, outer broadly rounded. 

 Snout slightly produced, short, length little more than the width of the. mouth. 

 Mouth nearly straight; teeth blunt, in about 40 rows. Back covered with 

 minute spines ; tubercles on the orbital ridge in front of and behind the eye, one 

 on each shoulder, a median vertebral series on back and tail, and with age one 

 or more lateral series on each side of the median on the tail. Lower surfaces 

 nearly smooth. 



Greyish to yellowish or reddish brown spotted, streaked, or clouded with 

 darker and lighter; a black ocellus on each shoulder. Varying in individuals to 

 blackish or black. 



Mediterranean. 



Raia picta. 



Raia picla Lacepede, 1802, Poissons, 4, p. 670, pi. 16, f. 2; Blainv., 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 33, pi. 4, f. 2. 

 Raia mosaica Lacepede, 1802, Poissons, 4, p. 675; Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. 3, Poissons, p. 154; Blainv., 



1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 32. 

 Raia undulata Lacepede, (non Valmont), 1S02, Poissons, p. 675, pi. 14, f. 2; Muller & Henle, 1841, 



Plagios., p. 134; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 537; Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 459; 



Moreau, 1881, Poiss. France, 1, p. 438; Doderlein, 18S4, Man. ittiol. Medit., 3, p. 206. 



Disk one third wider than long, broad and broadly rounded in the posterior 

 half, very obtuse and rounded in front, anterior margins very slightly concave 

 opposite the spiracles, outer and hinder angles and hinder margins broadly 

 rounded. Snout blunt, tip hardly prominent, rounded. Mouth moderate, 

 arched, width less than two thirds of the length of the snout. Teeth small, 

 unequal, with flattened crowns, rounded on the inner edge, in 41 rows on the 

 upper jaw. Length of orbit little less than the interorbital width, two sevenths 



