RAIA OCULATA. 319 



of the length of the snout. Skin nearly smooth, a few small spines on the head, 

 the dorsal fins and the top of the tail. Tubercles with broad swollen striate 

 bases and short compressed and hooked cusps: two in front of and two behind 

 each eye, one on each shoulder, and a median series from head to second dorsal. 

 Young without lateral rows on the tail. Tail longer than the body, produced 

 and acuminate behind the dorsals. Dorsals separated by a space with tubercles. 



Light reddish or yellowish brown, with narrow irregular crooked streaks 

 of brown, over the body and extending toward the margins, and apparently 

 with scattered fainter spots of white; white below. 



Total length 15?, snout to pores 7g, snout to mouth 2, and greatest width 

 9| inches. 



There is no apparent reason to doubt that the specimen described above is 

 identical in species with that described and figured by Lacepede as Raia undulata. 

 There is some question, however, whether Gunther's specimen from Madeira, 

 also a young male, is of the same species ; it has 60 rows of teeth and appears to 

 be without the markings. 



Raia oculata. 



Raia aslerias Rondelet, 1554, Pise, p. 350; Gesner, 1558, Aquat., 4, p. 934; Aldbovandi, 1613, 

 Pise. & Cet„ p. 457; Willughby, 1686, Pise, p. 73, pi. C 1, f. 1; Risso, 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, 

 p. 153; Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 138, 194 (excl. synon.); Dumeril, 1S65, Elasm., p, 

 543 (excl. synon.); Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 460; Moreau, 1881, Poiss. France, 1, 

 p. 429; Doderlein, 1884, Man. ittiol. Medit., 3, p. 180. 



Raia oculata Valmont, 1768, Diet, d'hist. nat., 3, p. 705; Risso, 1826, Hist, nat,., 3, Poissons, p. 149; 

 Fleming, 1828, Brit, anim., p. 172; Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 151. 



Fuller ray Pennant, 1776, Brit Zool., 3, p. 76. 



Raia rubus Donovan (non Blainv.) 1803, Br. fish., 1, pi. 20; Turton, 1806, Syst, l,p. 927; Fleming, 

 1828, Brit, anim., p. 171. 



Raia miraletus Donovan (non Linne), 1806, Br. fish., pi. 103; Turton, 1806, Syst., 1, p. 926; Blainv., 

 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 27, pi. 4, f. 1; Jentns, 1835, Man., p. 518; Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 

 431. 



Raia fullonica Turton, (non Linne), 1S06, Syst., 1, p. 926. 



Raia maculata Montagu (non Duhamel) 1815, Mem. Wern., soc, 2, p. 426; Jentns, 1835, Man., p. 514; 

 Parnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc. 7, p. 434, pi. 42, f. 2; Thompson, 1856, Nat. hist. Ireland, 4, 

 p. 260; Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 458; Day, 1884, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 345, pi. 172. 



Homelyn ray Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 429. 



Raia oxyrhynchus White, 1851, Cat., p. 138. 



Spotted ray Couch, 1867, Brit, fishes, 1, p. 104, pi. 24. 



Raia brachyura Lafont, 1871, Actes. Soc. Linn. Bord., 28, p. 503, pi. 25. 



Raia blanda Holt & Calderwood, 1S95, Trans. Roy. Dublin soc, new ser., 6, p. 395. 



Disk rhomboid, broader than long, front angle very blunt, outer angles 

 nearly 90° anterior margins undulated, hinder angles and margins broadly 

 rounded; snout nearly one fourth of the length of the disk, tip slightly produced 

 and blunted. Width of mouth more than half the distance from the end of 

 the snout. Teeth somewhat pointed in 70-80+ rows. Length of eye less than 



