322 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



Raia punctata Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 12; 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 153; Gunth., 1870, Cat. 



fishes Br. mus., 8, p. 4.58; Moreau, 1881, Poiss. France, 1, p. 426; Doderlein, 1884, Man. ittiol. 



Medit., 3, p. 186. 

 Dasybatis asterias Blaixv., 1S30, Poiss. Fr., p. 26 (part), Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci; 



Canestrini, 1S72, Ital. pesci, p. 57; Perugia, 1881, Pesci Adriatica, p. 58. 

 Raia schultzii Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 138, 194, pi. 47, f. 1; Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 541. 



Disk rhomboid, broader than long, front angle blunt, outer angles sharply 

 rounded, little if any more than 90°, anterior margins nearly straight, hinder 

 broadly rounded. Snout nearly twice the interspiracular width, tip slightly 

 produced. Mouth somewhat arched; teeth rather flat, in about 38 rows. Ros- 

 trum above and below, top of head, middle of back, anterior ends of pectorals 

 and sides of tail rough with small spines. A median row of tubercles on back 

 and tail. Young individuals, and females, rougher and with the spines around 

 the orbits and along sides of tail larger than the others; males with extensive 

 smooth areas above the middle of the pectorals and on the ventrals. Tail 

 longer than the body, produced behind the dorsals. Dorsals separated by a 

 space shorter than the first dorsal. 



Reddish brown with numerous small spots of brown; specimen described 

 with a dozen or more larger spots of white, each surrounded by a ring of brown 

 spots on the basal portion of each pectoral, and with five or six similar ones on 

 each ventral. Lower surfaces whitish, a brown spot below the anterior section 

 of each ventral surrounded by the white margin. 



Description from a young male taken at Genoa, in total length 14f, snout 

 to pores 6f , snout to mouth 2, and in greatest width 9g inches. 



Southern Europe. 



Raia fyllae. 



Raia fyllae Lutken, 18S7, Vid. medd. nat. foren. Kjok., p. 1, extr. pi. 1; 1898, Danish Ingolf expcd., 2, 

 p. 4, fig., pi. 2; Jordan & Everm., 1896, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., p. 69. 



Outlines of the young somewhat like those of R. plutonia, Plate 18, fig. 1, 

 but broader forward. Disk subcircular, snout hardly produced, anterior mar- 

 gins straightened in the middle, front, outer, and hinder angles, and hind margins 

 broadly rounded. Mouth arched, width nearly one and one half times in the 

 length of the snout; teeth in about 30 rows. Orbits large, length greater than 

 the interorbital width, or nearly one and one half times in the preorbital length. 

 Spiracles small. Back roughened with spinules; larger spines above the snout, 

 on the orbital ridge, in a pair on each shoulder, and in a median series from head 

 to dorsals (ca. 37). Tail much longer than the body. Dorsals not separated. 



Brown with large spots of darker brown, subsymmetrically arranged, on 

 the back and across the tail. 



