252 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



Squalina vulgaris Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 45; Fleming, 1828, Brit, anim., p. 169; Muller & Henle, 



1841, Plagios., p. 99, pi. 35, f. 4; Kroyer, 1853, Danm. fiske, 3, p. 935. 

 Squatina angelus Blainv., 1816, Bull. Soc. philom., p. 121; 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 53; Risso, 1826, Hist. 



nat., 3, Poissons, p. 139; Jenyns, 1835, Man., p. 507; Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 407; 



Parnell, 1838, Mem. Wern. soc., 7, p. 421; Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci; Gray, 



1854, Gron. syst., p. 14. 

 Squalina laeris Cuvier, 1817, Reg. anim., 2, p. 131. 



Squalina lewis Couch, 1825, Trans. Linn, soc, 14, p. 90; Jenyns, 1835, Man., p. 508. 

 Squalina aculeata Cuvier, 1829, Reg. anim., 2, p. 394. 

 Squatina fimbriate/, Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 101, 192, pi. 35, f. 5. 

 Squalina oculala Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci. 

 Monk fish, Couch, 1865, Brit, fishes, 1, p. 73, pi. 17. 

 Rhina (Squalina) aculeata Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 465. 



Nasal valves somewhat fringed in young specimens, more simple in the old 

 ones; inner cirrus slender, pointed, outer weakly bilobed or simple. Spiracles 

 farther apart than the eye openings. Fold along the side of the head widening 

 toward the angle of the jaws, with a subangular lobe opposite the corner of the 

 mouth. Teeth §§, no median symphyseal teeth. Outer margin of pectoral 

 nearly straight, meeting a line across the end of the fin in a right angle, hind mar- 

 gin concave, angles less rounded than on other species. Outer edge of ventrals 

 sinuous, outer angles blunted. Supracaudal nearly erect; subcaudal longer, 

 pointed. More often there is no dorsal series of enlarged tubercles. Scales 

 varying greatly on different parts of the body; on the young the cusp is slender 

 and has the two keels in front with others at each side of the basal portion ; in 

 later stages the front two of the keels may unite into one and the base become 

 more discoid as the tubercular forms appear. The postorbital process meets the 

 top of the skull in front of the suborbital process of the pterygoquadrate and 

 forms a complete foramen. 



Greyish to reddish brown thickly sprinkled with dots and spots of darker. 

 In cases with larger spots of blackish posteriorly. 



Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. 



Rhina dumeril. 



Squalina dumeril Lesueur, 1818, Journ. Acad. nat. sci., Phil., 1, p. 225, pi. 10. 



Squatina dumerili DeKay, 1842, N. Y. fish., p. 363, pi. 62, f. 203; Leidy, 1847, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. 



Phil., 3, p. 217. 

 Rhina dumerili Gill, 1861, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., p. 61 (name only); Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 467. 



Nasal valves weakly fringed, cirri simple. Distance between the eyes nearly 

 equal to that between the spiracles. Fold at the side of the head little wider 

 posteriorly. Outer margin of the pectoral nearly straight, with a line across the 

 end forming nearly a right angle, hind margin concave, inner angle broadly 

 rounded. Both lobes of the caudal rather pointed. 



