450 THE PLAGIOSTOMIA. 



tail more than twice length of disk 



teeth bands ending a short distance from angles draco (page 451) 

 Tail about as long as the disk 



teeth bands two thirds width of mouth . . kuhlii (page 452) 



tail much longer than the body 



teeth bands occupying about half the cleft . hypostoma (page 453) 



MOBULA MOBULAR. 



fSqiudus edentulus Brunnich, 1768, Ichthy. Massiliensis, p. 6. 



Mobular Duhamel, 1782, Traite, 4, p. 293, pi. 17. 



Raia mobular Bonnaterre, 17SS. Ichth., p. 5. 



La raie mobular Lacepede, 179S, Poissons, 1, p. 33, 151. 



?Aodon coruu Lacepede, 1798; Poissons, 1, p. 297, 300. 



Raia fabroniana Lacepede, 1800, Poissons, 2, p. 104, 111, pi. 5, f. 1. 



Raia cephaloptcra Schneider, 1801, Bloch Ichth., p. 365. 



Raia giorna Lacepede, 1803, Poissons, 5, p. 662, 666, pi. 20, f. 3. 



Raia diabolus Hh.wy, 1804, Zool., 6, p. 291. 



Grande raia Giorna, 1805, Mem. Acad. sci. Turin, 2, p. 4 extra. 



Mobula aurieulata Rafinesque, 1810, Indice, p. 48. 



Apterurus fabroni Rafinesque, 1810, Indice, p. 18. 



Cephaloplerus giorna Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 14; 1826, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 163. 



Cephaloplerus massena Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice, p. 15; 1S26, Hist, nat., 3, Poissons, p. 16 1. 



Dicerobatus mobular Blainv., 1816, Pull. Soc. philom., p. 116; 1830, Poiss. Fr., p. 41. 



Cephaloptcra giorna Cuv., Isl7. Reg. anim.. p. 138; Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. 3, Poissons, p. 163, pi. 5; 

 Yarrell, 1836, Brit, fishes, 2, p. 447; 1841, ibid., ed. 2. p. 595; 1859, ibid., ed. 3, p. 600; Muller& 

 Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 184; Valenciennes, 1843, Ichth. Canar., p. 97, pi. 22; Dumekil, 1865, 

 Elasin., p. 653; Rochebrune, 1882, Acta Sue. Linn. Bind., 36. p. 57. 



Cephaloptcra Thompson, 1835, Proc. Zool. soc. London, p. 78. 



Pterocephala fabroniana McCoy, 1S47, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 19, p. 176, pi. 11. 



Cephaloptcra fabroniana Ddmeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 658 



Dicerobatis giornae Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, urns, 8, p. 496. 



Disk about twice, or more than twice as wide as long; angles acute. Pec- 

 torals falciform, convex in front concave behind. Teeth minute, pointed, median 

 more rounded, bands extending to the angles of the mouth, in 150 rows or more. 

 Anterior portion of the base of the dorsal above the bases of the ventrals; ex- 

 tremities of the fins about even. Minute scales, shagreen, on the hinder portions 

 of the body. Tail more than twice the length of the body, with a serrated spine 

 behind the dorsal, rough with scales and tubercles. 



Dark brown to blue-black above; white beneath. 



Mediterranean and neighboring Atlantic. 



MOBTJLA JAPANICA. 



Cephaloptera japanica Miller A Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 185; Schlegel, 1850, Jap. Pisces, p. 310; 



Diimeril, 1865, Elasm. p. 659. 

 Dicerobatis japonica Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, rails., 8, p. 496. 

 Mobula japonica Jordan & Fowler, 1903, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 26, p. 666, fig. 10. 



