M.W'TA EHRENBERGII. 455 



Cephaloptera giorm Lescteur, 1824, Joum. Acad. oat. sci. Phil., 4, p. 115, pi. 6. 

 Sea-devil Lamont, 1824, Edinb. philos. joum., 11, p. 113. 

 Cephalopterus mania Bancboft, 1829, Zool. joum., 4, p. 454. 

 Mania ameticana Bancroft, 1829, Zool. joum., 4, p. 454. 

 Ceratoplera johnii Mviaxr & Eenle, 1841, Plagios., p. 1S6, pi. 59. 

 Braehioplilon hamiUoni Newman, 1849, Zoologist, p. 74. 

 Cephalopterus dzabolus Valenciennes, 1850, Cuv. Reg. anim., pi. 119. 

 Diabolichthys i Uiotti I [olmes, 1856, Pruc. Elliot sue. nat. hist., 1, p. 39. 

 Ceraloplera rampirus Dimeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 660. 

 i '. ratoptera vampyras Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 49S. 



Mania birostris Jordan & Gilbert, 1882, Bull. 16, U. S. nat. mus., p. 52; Jobd. & Everm., 1896, Bull. 

 47, U. S. nat. mus., p. 92, pi. 18, f. 39. 



Disk nearly twice as wide as long; tail as long as the body including the 

 rostral fins. Pectorals falciform, acute-angled, anterior margin convex, poste- 

 rior concave. Teeth minute rasp-like, on the lower jaw only, occupying the 

 entire width of the jaw, in about 100 rows separated by interspaces (on the young) . 

 Base of the dorsal extending forward little in front of the ends of the bases of the 

 pectorals, and backward to about the middle of the free inner margin of the same 

 fins. Ventrals small, hind margins rounded not reaching to the ends of the 

 pectorals. Body and tail rough. 



Mitchill's specimen measured in total length 208, snout to tail 159, cephalic 

 fins 30, across the head 00, and width of disk 192 inches; it weighed between 

 four and five tons as estimated. 



Back brown darkening with age; white beneath. 



Lesueur says the tail is a little longer than the body and makes a positive 

 assertion as to the presence of a spine on both adult female and foetus. Said 

 to attain a width of twenty feet. 



Tropical waters of America. 



Manta ehrenbergii. 



Ceraloplera ehrenbergii Muller & Henle, 1841, Plagios., p. 187; Ddmeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 661; 



Gunth., 1870, Cat. fishes Brit, mus., 8, p. 498; Hemprich & Ehrenberq, 1899, Symbolae phys- 



Zool., pi. 2, Zoot., pi. 10. 

 Ceraloplera slelligera Hemprich & Ehrenberc, 1899, Symbolae phys., Zool., pi. 2, Zoot., pi. 10. 

 Ceraloplera orissa Lloyd, 1908, Rec. Ind. mus., 2, p. 176, fig. 1, pi. 5, pi. 10, f. 1, 2. 



Total width more than the length of the body including the rostral fins. 

 Teeth band occupying about half the width of the lower jaw; teeth in two- 

 hundred rows or more, close together. Body and tail rough, above and below, 

 with small tubercles on pronged bases. 



Back greenish. 



Red Sea. 



