THE CHISMOPNEA (CHIMAKKOI DS). 85 



Agass., ISll, Poi.sti. Foss., 3, p. 337, pi. C; Guay, ISol, Cliuiid., ]>. 21; Costa, IcSfj'i, Fn. N:ip., 

 Pesoi, Chim., p. 4, pi. 1-7; Kuoy., l,sr)3. Damn. Fisko, 3, p. 7,S1; DiiM,, l,S(ir), Ehus., p. 6SG; Cap., 

 1868, Jorii. Ao. Lisb., 2, |). 13S; C.iJNT., 1870, Cat.. 8, p. 349; Cane.st., 1872, Ital., IVsei, p. (V2; 

 Coll., 1875, Nors- Fi.skc, p. 2()(); I'oey, 1S7(), Aim. Scic. K.sp., 5, p. 182, pi. 8; 18{)(i, Report., 1, |i. 

 242; HunuECHT, 187(), Nod. Aroli. Z(h.1., 3, p. 2;V>, pi. .xvii, f. 2, 3, 5; Malm, 1877, G. ooli H. Fii. 

 Rygg., p. 005; Wintii., 1879, I'rodr. lolilh. Dan., p. ."ili; Gigl., 1880, Elono. Piso., p. 51; iMoh., 

 1881, Poiss. Fr., 1, 455; Dod., 1881, Man., 2, |). 10; Day, 1881, Hril. Kisho.s, 2, 280, pi. 151; 

 Vaill., 1887, Poi.ss. Trav. and Tal., p. 80. pi. 1, (. 2; Garm., l.S.SS, Bull. M. C. 7,., 17, p. 73, p\. 2; 

 1904, Bull. M. C. Z., 41, p. 272, |)1. 7, f. 1-2, pi. 11, and pi. i:!, f. 1; Holt and Cald., 1895, Trans 

 Roy. Dub. Soo., (2) 5, p. 308; CiooDio and Hi;an, 1.S90, ()c. li'li., p. 31; .(oiiu. and Evekm., 1890, 

 Buil. 47 U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 91. 



Callorynch IIS (itliiiilicuf: tinoNovivn, 1772, Aot, lIcK-ol., 7, ]i. 19; Ghay', 1851, Gi-on. Cat., p. 10. 



CiiHorynrltits (iniiTicnniix Gron., 17.72, loc. cil., p. 19. 



Ckimncra (iryciilm Ascan., 1772, loon., pi. 15. 



Le Rot lies IlarciKjs da Nord Daub., 1787, Encl. Mrili., l'oi,-is., 202. 



CItimiiira prnn-ixd Walii., 1792, Art. Gon. Pise, p. 588. 



La Chiiiicrc Ardiqui- LaC, 1798, Poiss., 1, 392, pi. 19, f. 1. 



Chimacra himiaiis Shaw, 1804, Zool., 5, pt. 2, ]). 305, |il. 157. 



Northern Ckimncra Shaw., 1. o. 



Chimacra mcditerranca Ri.sso, 1.S20, Ilist. Nat. Eur. Mi'-r., 3, p. lOS. 



Rabbit-Fish Flem., 1828, Rrit . Anim., ]>. 172. 



Chimacra cristata Fabeu, 1829, Fiscli I.s]., p. 45. 



A' (7(3 nj Ihc Herrings Yarr., 1830, Urit. Fi.sli., 2, 304. 



CaUnri/nrhiis eenlrina Gray', 1854, (iron.. Cat., p. 15. 



Arrlie Cliiiniuni Cot'CH, 1807, Hrit . I'ish, 1, 1 15, pi. 34. 



ChiiiKierd mnnslwsa, the type species (if the p;eiius, lias the head cimiiM'essed, 

 sul)r()iiical; snout soft, rather l)hint, without rostral appendages; hotly com- 

 pressed; caudal .section tapering from the Iiody-cavity to a long filament at 

 the end of the tail. First dorsal fin triangular, close to the head, short, deep, 

 preceded l)y :v strong erectile spine and followed by a low dermal fold. Secoiul 

 dorsal low, three times as long as the head, extending two thirds of the length 

 above the caudal region; not indented on the upper margin, reaching above 

 the origin of the caudal. Length of l)ody from end of snout to origin of supra- 

 caudal about five timtv the length of tlie head. Caudal fins low, I'ising slowly 

 in front, and descending very gradually backward. Anal small, rising slowly, 

 separated by a narrow notch from the subcaudal. Ventrals far in the forward 

 half of the total length; claspers of the male trifid nearly two thirds of their 

 length, the third section being slender and styliform. Pectorals large, one aiul 

 one third times or more as long as the head, reaching behind the origins of t^he 

 ventrals; hinder margins slightly concave. Lateral line less wavy than in C 

 phnnfafonn. F,yo large, lateral. Dorsal s])ine nearly as long as the head, denticu- 

 hite on the hinder edges, reaching b(>hind the oi'igin of the second dorsal. Five 

 to seven tritors on each of the vomerine dental laminae. .Vttaining a k^ngtli 

 of three feet and upwards. 



Brown, reddish to silvery or golden on the upper surface; more or less 

 clouded and blotched wilh brown, irregularly scattered or in longitudinal streaks; 



