74 CALYCOSILVA CANTHARELLUS. 



larger distal rays than the gastrals, there seems to be no difference between them 

 (Plate 4, figs. 21-24; Plate 5, figs. 1, 4). The pinules of the stalk are consider- 

 ably smaller than those of the body proper. 



The crosses formed by the four lateral rays of the pinules lie paratangentially 

 in the superficial membrane (Plate 2, figs. 8a, 13a). Their centres are about as 

 far apart as their rays are long. In some places they are arranged regularly, 

 two rays of any two adjacent ones lying parallel and close together (part of the 

 lower half of Plate 2, fig. 13). In other places their arrangement is not so regular. 

 The (smaller) pinules of the stalk are much closer together than the (larger) 

 pinules of the body. 



The apical distal ray is much longer in the larger pinules of the body 

 than in the smaller pinules of the stalk and, as stated above, on the whole in the 

 dermal body-pinules slightly longer than in the gastrals. But also apart from 

 this, the distal pinule-ray is very variable in length, and we find everywhere 

 pinules with long and with short apical distal ray intermixed indiscriminately. 

 This renders the fur formed by these pinule-rays very shaggy (Plate 4, figs. 

 21-24). 



In the outermost region, which is occupied by the superficial cavities and, as 

 above stated, is 60-90 m thick, no skeletal elements other than proximal pinule- 

 rays are met with. 



A membrane or network extends parallel to the surface below this region 

 and separates it from the subdermal and subgastral cavities, forming the roof 

 of the latter. The centres and the paratangentially extending lateral rays of the 

 (hypodermal and hypogastral) pentactines are situated in this membrane. 

 The apical rays of these spicules are situated radially and directed inward. The 

 crosses formed by the lateral rays of the pentactines are for the most part regu- 

 larly arranged. The distances between the centres of adjacent pentactines are 

 in the same region fairly equidistant and a little shorter than the length of their 

 lateral rays. Two lateral rays of adjacent pentactines are parallel and lie 

 close together (Plate 2, fig. 13b). The hypodermal and hypogastral pentactines 

 of the body are quite similar and nearly equal in size; the hypodermal pentac- 

 tines of the stalk are considerably smaller. The body-pentactines are accordingly 

 also farther apart than the stalk-pentactines. The distances between the 

 centres of these spicules being shorter than the length of their lateral rays, the 

 tips of the lateral rays of each pentactine extend beyond the centres of the four 

 adjacent ones. This renders the quadratic reticulations formed by the lateral 

 pentactine rays quite firm. In some places small (probably young) pentactines 



