Two-thirds of the students who have worked with Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Emeritus of Anthropology, over the last 

 several decades, have gone on to gain doctorates. In the last two years, Martin's work with students has been aided by 

 grants from the Undergraduate Research Participation Program of National Science Foundation. These grants have 

 enabled Martin to expand and formalize his Summer School of Archaeology at Field Museum's field station in Vernon, 

 Arizona. At Vernon, each student works on a private research project, as well as on the general archaeological work. 

 The Bulletin here presents one such report on a small structure found during a survey of Hay Hollow, Arizona. The author, 

 Christopher Vi/hite, has worked with Martin for several years, and will, next year, go into graduate work in Anthropology. 



SUMMER REPORT 



by Christopher A. White 



Research Assistant, Anthropology 



A portion of Hay 



Hollow prior to the 



start of excavations. Hay 



Hollow Valley, in East 



Central Arizona, 



has proved to be the site of 



a prehistoric agricultural 



community. 



Since the beginning of the Hay Hollow Valley Project six 

 years ago, we have been attempting to define and explain 

 the total range of behavior of prehistoric man in this eastern 

 Arizona valley. By viewing all patterns of behavior and 

 changes in these patterns we will try to isolate meaningful 

 regularities and factors of causality. 



An important aspect of the overall study deals with the 

 investigation of the relationships existing between man and 

 his total environment. This interest led us, last summer, to 

 initiate an intensive archaeological survey of a little-studied 

 region forming the eastern periphery of the valley. The 

 area was a large and rugged ancient lava flow- that rises 

 500 to 600 feet above the valley floor. W'e wanted to know 

 what kinds of cultural activities were taking place in the 

 area, where they were taking place, u/ien they were taking 

 place, and hopefully, wh^ they were taking place. 



In the course of the survey we discovered a site located 

 on the edge of a sandy terrace approximately 500 feet up 

 the side of the moimtain. It appeared to reflect a specialized 

 activity previously unknown to us in the valley. After de- 

 veloping several working hypotheses on the possible func- 

 tion of this site, we proceeded to excavate it. The primary 

 feature consisted of a semicircular windbreak constructed of 

 basalt boulders, each of the two segments being approxi- 

 mately 5 feet long. At the time of occupation the structure 

 may have been about 4 feet high. Inside the windbreak 

 there was a single firepit w^hich contained large pieces of 

 charcoal. The structure faces southwest, the direction of 

 the prevailing, often stormy, winds. Without some protec- 

 tion, maintaining a fire for warmth or cooking would be 

 extremely difficult. In and around the structure we found 

 small quantities of stone tools and a number of brown cor- 



Page2 JUNE 



