VISCERAL ANATOMY. 285 



walls, and from the internal face of this reservoir, as traced by injecting, pass 

 four or five secondary canals that open directly on the floor of the mouth. In 

 the Echidna there appears to be no such reservoir but the openings of the duct 

 are more numerous, and lie in a shagle straight line from the base of the tongue 

 to the symphysis. The same author describes a second part of the submaxillary 

 gland in the Echidna, a superficial glandular mass, a little larger than the paro- 

 tid, placed immediately under the skin, against the pectoral muscle. Its long 

 duct runs forward to join tliat of the deeper submaxillary. I was unable to 

 discover any trace of such a duct in the Proechidna. Viallanes also describes 

 parotid glands in the Echidna rather far to the rear of the auditory conduit, 

 and a subUngual gland in both Echidna and Proechidna that opens by a number 

 of ducts into the floor of the mouth. The great development of the salivary 

 glands in these and other ant-eating animals, as Tamandua, and the Golden- 

 winged woodpecker, is doubtless an adaptation, perhaps for neutralizing the 

 large amount of formic acid in the ants on which they feed. 



The stomach of the specimen dissected is globular, about 70 mm. m trans- 

 verse by 50 mm. in longitudinal diameter, with the oesophagus and pylorus 

 only about 30 mm. apart. The small intestine measured about 2,450 mm., the 

 large intestine about 480. The caecum (Plate 2, fig. 5) is short and with a 

 rounded compressed tip. Its extreme length is 12 mm., its greatest diameter 

 about 5.5. Its appearance seems almost identical with that of the Echidna. 



The liver is large and rather thick. The left lateral lobe is rounded and 

 simple, about 50 mm. in diameter and 20 thick. The right lateral lobe is of 

 nearly the same size, but more elliptical in outline. Its cranial lobe is simple, 

 thick, and rounded. Upon it lies the caudal portion which is of about two 

 thirds its bulk and hollowed slightly at the posterior surface to receive the right 

 kidney. The Spigelian lobe is stout and well developed, nearly an equilateral 

 triangle in outline. The median lobe of the liver is the largest. Its cranial 

 surface is undivided but its caudal surface is traversed by a deep furrow that 

 divides it into a left median lobe and a cystic in which the gall bladder is super- 

 ficially placed. This latter in the young specimen studied, is small and pyri- 

 form, about 20 nmi. long by 12 in greatest diameter. In an adult animal it is 

 more than twice these dimensions and of an elliptical outline, with the long axis 

 at right angles to that of the body. The bile duct runs into the substance 

 of the pancreas where it receives the short pancreatic duct about 2 cm. before 

 it enters the small intestine at about the same distance from the pylorus. 



The pancreas itself is flattened and oval, of rather firm consistency, and 



