18 TESTUDTTflD^. 



between them, however, still require to be tested upon a larger 

 number ot" specimens. 



Hah. Ceylon ; Southern India ; Grodiivari, Mahanadi, and their 

 tributaries. 



15. Emyda scutata. 



Emycla scutata, Pdcrs, 3IB. Ak. Bcrl. 18G8, p. 440 ; Theoh. Cat. 



p. 32 ; Boulcmj. Cat. Chel. S,-c. p. 270. 

 Emyda fuscomaculata, Gray, A. M.N. H. (4) xi, 1873, p. 308. 



V^ery closely allied to E. gjxmosa and E. vittata, but anterior 

 marginals less enlarged, less unequal in size, the first not larger 

 than the second. Entoplastral callosity large or moderate. Brown 

 above, carapace spotted or reticulated with darker. 



Ilab. Irrawaddy. 



Superfam. B. CRYPTODIRA. 



Neck bending by a sigmoid curve in a vertical plane ; cervical 

 vertebme without transverse processes or with mere indications of 

 them ; centrum of the last cervical articulating with the centrum 

 of the first dorsal. Mandible with articulary concavities ; outer 

 border of tympanic cavity incompletely bony ; pterygoids narrow 

 in the middle, in contact on the median line. Pelvis not anchy- 

 losed to the carapace and plastron. Digits with not more than 

 three phalanges. Epiplastra in contact with hyoplastra ; ento- 

 plastron, if present, oval, rhomboidal, or T-shaped. A complete 

 series of marginal bones, connected with the ribs. 



Family II. TESTUDINID^. 



Shell covered with epidermal shields. Caudal vertebra) pro- 

 coelous. Neck completely reti'actile within the shell. Parietal 

 bones widely separated from squamosals. Digits short or mo- 

 derately elongate ; phalanges with condyles ; claws four or five. 



This family, which contains the bulk of recent Chelouians, is 

 distributed over every part of the world except Australia. Ten 

 genera are represented in the Indian Eegion. 



Synopsis of Indian Genera. 



A. Limbs club-shaped ; alveolar surface of upper jaw 



with a median ridge Testudo, p. 19. 



B. Digits distinct, with at least a rudiment of 



web ; alveolar surface of upper jaw without 

 median ridge. 

 a. Head covered with undivided skin. 

 a'. Plastron not hinged ; no bony temporal arch. Geoemyba, p. 23. 

 b'. Plastron not hinged ; a bony temporal arch. Nicoma, p. 26. 

 c'. Plastron hinged, movable ; a bony temporal 



avch Cyclemys, p. 28. 



