CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES. 



Oppel, in his Ordnungen, Familien u. Gattungen derRep- 

 tilien (1811), divides the Tortoises (Teshidinati) thus: — 

 I. Chelonii. 1. Chelonia. II. Amyd^. a. 2. Tri- 

 onyx. b. 3. Chelys. 4. Testudo. 5. Emys. 



M. Cuvier, Regne Animal, u. 9 (1817), divides the Che- 

 LONiENS or Testudo, Limi., thus : — 



1. Tortues de terre {Testudo). 2. * Les Tortues d'eau 

 douce {Emys). ** Les Tortues a boite. 3. Tortues de 

 mer {Chelonia). 4. Les Chelides ou Tortues a gueule 

 {Chelys). 5. Les Tortues moUes ( r^voiiyf) . 



The same arrangement is foUovped in the Second Edition, 

 ii. 8, and he has added the generic names wliich have been 

 given by Fleming, Bell and others to his sections of Bron- 

 gniart's genera. 



Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amphib. (1820), divides the Tes- 



TUDINATA thus : 



* Pedibus pinniformibus. 1 . Caretta. 2. Sphargis. 

 ** Pedibus digitalibus. 3. Triomjx. 4. Testudo. * Ma- 

 tamata. ** Emys. *** Terrapene. **** Chersina. 



Dr. John Fleming, in the Philosophy of Zoology (1822), 

 where he named many of the sections indicated by Cuvier 

 in his Animal Kingdom, arranges the Chelonea thus :— 



* Cavity with a lid. A. Lips corneous. 1. Cistuda. 

 ** Cavity without a lid. 2. Testudo. 3. Emys. 4. 

 Chelonura. 5. Chelonia. 6. Coriudo. B. Lips fleshy. 

 7. Chelys. 8. Trionix. 



M. Latreille, in the Fam. Nat. du Regne Animal, 91 

 (1825), divides the Order Chelonii thus : — 



Fam. I. Cryptopodes. l.Tortue. 2. Emyde. i. Ter- 

 rapene (Tortue a boite). II. Gymnopodes. * Carapace 

 ecailleuse et solide. 4. Saurochelyde (Tortue a longue 

 queue). 5. Chelonee. 6. Chelys. ** Carapace molle. 

 7. Trionyx. 



Dr. Gray, in the Annals of Philosophy for 1825, pro- 

 posed the following arrangement : — 



I. Feet and head retractile into the carapace. Carapace 



solid, covered with horny scales. Cryptopodi. 

 Fam. I. TESTUDiNiDiE. 1. Testudo. II. Emydid^. 

 * Beak horny; sternum entire. Emydina. 1. Emys. 

 ** Beak horny ; sternum transversely sutured. Terra- 

 phenina. 2. Terraphene. 3. Sternotherus. 4. Kinoster- 

 non. *** Beak fleshy. Chelidina. 5. Chelys. 



II. Feet and head not or only partly retractile into the 



carapace. Carapace mostly soft. Gymnopodi. 

 Fam. III. Trionicid.e. 1. Trionyx. IV. Sphar- 

 GID.E. 1. Sphargis. V. Cheloniad^. 1. Chelonia. 



Mr. T. Bell, in his paper on the Characters of the Order, 

 Families and Genera of the Testudinata {Zool. Journ. 

 iii. 513, 1828), divides the Order thus :— 



A. Digitata. Fam. I. Testudinid^. 1. Testudo 

 (greeca). 2. Pyxis (arachnoides) . 3. Kinixys (Homeana). 

 II. Emydid.s;. a.. Sterno mobili. 1. Terrapene {c\a.usa). 

 2. Sternotheerus (Leachianus). 3. Einosternon (longieau- 

 datum). b. Sterno solido. 4. Hydraspis (galeata). 5. 

 Emys (picta). 6. Chelonura (serpentina). 7. Chelys 



' (fimbriata) . III. Trionychid.e. \. Trionyx {Coxoms.'a- 

 delicus). 



B. Pinnata. IV. Sphargid*. 1. Sphargis (mercu- 

 rialis). V. Cheloniad^. 1. Chelonia {Mjdas). 



Dr. F. A. Ritzen, in his Natur. Eith. Amph., Xoca Act. 

 Acad. Nat. Cur. xiv. (1828), proposes the following ar- 

 rangement : — 



I. Sterrichrotes, Chelonii. A. Eretmochelones. 

 Halichelones. a. Mydce. 1. Sphargis. b. Carettce. 



2. Chelone. II. Phyllopodochelones. B. Chersy- 

 drocheloues. * Amydcs. 1 . Chelonia. 2. Trionyx. 3. 

 Matamafa. 4. Emys. C. Podochelones. a. Cherso- 

 chelones. Dysmydte. 1. Clemmys. 2. Terrapene. 3. 

 Chersine. 



Dr. John Wagler, in the Naturliches System der Amphi- 

 bien (1830), divides the Order Testudines (p. 133) 

 thus : — 



I. Testudines oiacopodes. 1. Chelonia. 2. Der- 

 matochelys. 3. Asjjidonectes. 4. Trionyx. 5. Chelys. 

 G. Rhinemys. 7. Hydromedusa. 8. Podocnemis. 9. Plat- 

 emys. 10. Phrynops. 11. Pelomedusa. 12. Cher- 

 sina. 13. Clemys. 14. Staurotypus. 15. Pelusias. 

 16. Cinosternon. 17. Emys. II. Testudines tylo- 

 podes. 18. Cinixys. 19. Pyxis. 20. Cherseus. 21. 

 Testudo. 



Dr. Gray, in the Synopsis Reptilium, Part i. (1831), 

 divides the Chelonii thus : — 



Fam. I. Testudinid.5;. 1. Testudo. 2. Chersina. 



3. Kinixys. 4. Pyxis. II. Emyd.e. 5. Cistuda. 6. 

 Emys. 7. Kinosternon. 8. Chelydra. III. Chelyd^. 

 9. Sternotherus. 10. Chelodina. 11. Hydraspis. 12. 

 Chelys. IV. Trionycid.«. 13. Trionyx. 14. Emyda. 

 V. Cheloniad.j;. 15. Sphargis. 16. Chelonia. 



Wiegmann and Ruthe, Handbuch der Zoologie (1832), 

 cUvide the Order Chelonii thus into families : — 



Fam. I. Chelon/E. 1 . Sphargis. 2. Chelonia. II. 

 Chersinje. 1. Testudo. III. Emyd^. 1. Emys. 2. 

 Chelydra. 3. Cinosternon. IV. Chelyd.«. 1. Chelys. 

 V. Chilot^. 1. Trionyx. 



