CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES. 



Synopsis of the Families. 



A. Digitate. 



a. Back with horny scales. 



1. TESTtTDrNID^. Feet club-shaped ; claws 5-4 or 4-4, blunt. 



Caudal shields united into one, incurved. Neck retractile. 



2. EMYDlD.a;. Feet palmated ; claws 5—4 or 4-4, acute. Caudal 



shields separate. Neck retractile. Pelvis attached to the 

 vertebra; only. Sternal shields 11 or 12. 



3. CHELYDID^. Feet palmated ; claws 5-4 or 5-5, acute. 



Caudal shields separate. Neck contractile. Pelvis attached 

 to the vertebrae and sternum. Sternal shields 13. 



b. Back with soft skin. 



4. TRIONYCIDffi. Feet palmated ; claws 3-3, acute, 

 covered with a soft skin having a fle.xible margin. 



Bones 



5. CHELONIAD.S. 



B. Pinnate. 

 Feet fin-shaped, compressed. 



A. Digitata. Feet digitate. 



Tortue de terre, Banhenton, Eno/. Meth. 689. 



Amydse, Oppel, Rept. 4, 6, 9 (1811). 



Laud and Freshwater Tortoises, Shaw, Zoo!, iii. 9. 



Testudo digitata, Merreiii, Tent. 20. 



Testudines stegauopodes et T. tylopodes, Wagler, Syst. 



138 (1830). 

 Podochelones, Ritzen, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xiv. 270 (1828). 



a. Leptonota. Back covered with hard horny scales. 

 Toes digitate, 4- or a-claioed. 



Testudo, Merrem, Tent. 21. 

 Amydse /3, Oppel, Rept. (1811). 



* Tylopoda. Feet clavate. 



Testudines terrestres, Plin. 



Testudo (Tortues de terre), Brongn., Cuvier. 



Test. Tylopoda, Wagler. 



Fam. I. TESTUDINIDiE (Land Tortoises). 

 Head ovate, shielded ; jaws naked ; uostril apical. Neck 

 retractile into the cavity of the shell. Feet short, club- 

 shaped, armed with blunt claws. Shell very solid, thick, 

 ovate, the ribs united together to the margin, in the adult 

 state covered with homy concentrically grooved shields, 

 marked with a permanent areola ; marginal plates 24 to 26, 

 the caudal pair always united together into one broad gene- 

 rally incurved plate. Sternum broad and solid, closed in 

 the centre of the adult, and firmly attached to the thorax 

 by a bony suture, covered by the end of the pectoral and 

 abdominal plates. Tail short and thick. 



Testudinidae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 211 (1825) ; Syn.Rept. 

 8 (1831). 



Testudinidse, Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 419, 513 (1828). 



Swainson, Lard. Cyclop. 344 (1839). 

 Testudinina, Bonap. Tav. Analit. 5 (1836). 

 Testudinoides, Fit:inger, Neue Class. (1826). 

 Test. Tvlopoda, Wagler, Syst. Amph. 138 (1830). 



Fiiz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843). 

 Testudines, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843). 

 Chersine, Merrem, Tent. 29. 

 Chersinse, Wiegm. ^- Ruthe, Handb. Zool. 164. 

 Testudo (Tortues de terre), Brongn. Cuv. R.A. ii. 9 ; ed. 2. 



ii. 9. 

 Chersites ou Tortues terrestres. Bum. ^ Bib. Erp. Gen. 



ii. 1 (1835) ; Cat. Mus. Par. 3. 

 Testudines terrestres, Plin. 

 Testudinidse Testudinina (part.), Bonap. Saggio Anim. 



Fert. 12. 

 Chersochelones (Dysmydse), (part.), Ritzen, Nov. Act. Nat. 



Cur. xiv. 270 (1828). 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1. Testudo. Thorax and sternum solid: sternal plates 12; in- 



guinal plate moderate. Toes 5—4. 



2. Homopus. Thorax and sternum sohd ; sternal plates 12 ; 



inguinal plates moderate. Toes 4-4. 



3. Chersina. Thorax and sternum soUd : sternal plates 11. 



Toes 5-4. 



i. Kinlxys. Thorax, hinder ])art mobile ; sternal plates 12; in- 

 guinal plates very large. Toes 5-4. 



5. Pyxis. Thorax solid. Sternum, fi-ont lobe moveable : sternal 

 plates 12. 



1. TESTVDO, Linn. 



Thorax convex, subglobose, solid. Sternum soUd, covered 

 with twelve sternal shields, the gular pair separate ; pectoral 

 shields narrow ; inguinal shields moderate. Head scaly, 

 with two frontal sliields above, and one vertical shield be- 

 tween the eyes. Claws 5-4, blunt. 



Testudo (graeca), Gray, Ann. P^?7.x. 210(1825); Syn.Rept. 

 8 (1831) ; Cat. Rept. B. M. 4. 



Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. 270 (1822). 



Bum. I- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 55 (1835); Cat. Meth. 

 Rept. 3. 

 Chersini, Merrem, Tent. 

 Chelonoides (Boiei), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29. 

 Geochelone (stellata), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29. 

 Psammobates (georaetrica), Fitz. Syst. Rej). 29. 

 T. (Testudo) grieca, Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830). 



Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29. 

 Megalochelys (gigantea), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29. 

 Chersina (Cyliudraspis) Vosmaeri, Fitz. Syst. Rej)t. 29. 

 Cherseus (marginatus), Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830). 



Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29. 

 Testudo a.. Bum. ^ Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 57. 

 Testudo, sp., Linn. 

 Testudo, Bum. S,- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 30 ; Cat. Meth. R. 3. 



Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 514. 



Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830). 



They are slow in their motions, eating vegetables and 



