TORTOISES. 7 



k. Adult, shell and animal. Margin and shields much worn. Gu- 

 lar plate produced, rounded, not nicked ; anal plate very short, 

 very convex. Madagascar. 



The Grooved Tortoise. Testudo sulcata, Miller ■, Cum. 

 Phys. t. 26. Gray, Syn. 68. Dum. <$• Bib. E. G. ii. 74, t. 13,/ 1. 

 T. calcarata, Schn. t. 12. Bechst. in Lacep. i. 346, t. T. radi- 



ata Senegalensis, Gray, Syn. II. Schlegel, F. Japon.71. T. 

 Schoepfii, Ruppell. 



Shell oblong, depressed, dirty yellow, dorsal line flattened, 

 with a deep triangular notch in front ; front and hinder margin 

 strongly reflexed and deeply toothed ; lateral edge slightly keeled ; 

 caudal plate very broad, inflexed; shields deeply grooved, areola 

 small ; sternum produced and bifid in front: animal pale yellow ; 

 feet with very large scales in front, thighs with 2 large spines. 



a. Young, stuffed, 8 iuches. Abyssinia. From the Francfort Mu- 



seum. 



b. Adult, 19 inches. Upper shell only. S. Africa. 



Dr. Horsfield's Tortoise. Testudo Horsfieldii. T. Ibe- 

 ria, Pallas ? Faun. Casp. t. 5 ? 



Shell oblong, rather depressed, pale, varied with blackish, 

 especially upon the lower side ; the gular plates elongate, trian- 

 gular, longer than broad, the anal plates broader than long, the 

 hinder notch broad, triangular, the hinder marginal plates broad, 

 with the nucleus on the centre of their margin ; the front edge 

 of the fore arms with smaller scales than the hinder ; the vent 

 with two blunt spines on each side. 



a. Young. India, Affghanistan. Presented by the Hon. E. India 

 Company. 



The Leopard Tortoise. Testudo Pardalis, Bell, Zool. Journ. 

 iii. t. 25. Test. t. 1,2. Gray, Syn. 12. T. armata, Boie, Erp. Jav. 

 MS. T. bipunctata, Cuv. R. A. ii. 10. Gray, Syn. t. 3,/. 3, loit- 

 er. Gotw. Schildk. t. k.f. 15. 



Shell nearly hemispherical, blackish or yellow, black-spotted ; 

 shields grooved ; areola of the costal shields near the upper edge ; 

 nuchal shields none. 



a. Sternum only, 13 inches. S. Africa. 



b. Adult, animal and shell, 12^ inches. S.Africa. From the 



South African Museum. 



c. Young, shell without front lobe of sternum ; yellow, shields 



black-edged, areola spotted ; shields grooved. 



The Starred Tortoise. Testudo stellata, Schiceigr. Prod.i. 

 325. Gray, Syn. 12. Seba, t. 80, j. 3, t. 79, f. 3. T. actinoides, 

 Bell, Zool. Joum.il t. 14. Test. t.],2. Dum. £ Bib. E. G. ii. 

 66. T. elegans, Schoepf. t. 25, /. 1. Gray, Syn. t. 3,/. 1,2. T. 



