78 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



processes, usually surmounted by a prominent longitudinal 

 median carina. 



Posterior process is the sharply constricted portion at the 

 caudal extremity of the prothorax. It continues, frequently, 

 to the tips of the tegmina, and usually ends in a sharp, black 

 point. (Fig. 5, at c, pi. VI.) 



The prothorax is almost always pitted and is sometimes 

 pilose. It is highly developed and may take on various shapes 

 and forms; in fact, the family has been hkened to Brownies 

 on account of the queer facial expression and the grotesque 

 appearance of the prothorax. There are some forms with two 

 "humps," one caudad, or back of the other, as in Etitylia 

 sinuata (fig. 61, pi. XVI), while other forms bear only one 

 spine or "hump," as in Enchenopa binotata (fig. 13, pi. VII), 

 and Canipyl-enchia curvata (fig. 11, pi. VII). 



In some cases this single protuberance may be over the head 

 and be a formation of the metopidium, called the procephalon, 

 as in the two foregoing species; or it may be a crest on the 

 dorsum over the abdomen, as in Telaniona (fig. 31, pi. VIII; 

 fig. 73, pi. X). Frequently the pronotum rises high in front, 

 and by sloping backward from the metopidium forms a high 

 tectiform hood over the abdomen, sloping down posteriorly to 

 the posterior process, as in Archasia (figs. 22, 23, pi. IX) and 

 Stictocephalu (fig. 17, pi. VII; fig. 29, pi. IX). 



In all the above-mentioned forms the suprahumerals are 

 obtuse and minute, but in Ceresa the prothorax bears a promi- 

 nent lateral horn on either side just back of the head (figs. 5. 

 6, 9, 10, pi. VI) . In a few cases the pronotum may not present 

 any protuberance except obscure suprahumerals, and the 

 metopidium may rise only sufficiently high to cover the thorax. 

 It thus seems to form a close protection for the thorax and 

 abdomen, as in Micfutalis and Acutalis (figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 

 pi. VIII) and Vanduzea (figs. 14, 1.5, pi. VIII). Among the 

 genera, other than those found in Kansas, the pronotum may 

 not cover the abdomen, and in some cases does not conceal the 

 mesothorax and metathorax, but ends in elevated and pro- 

 truded spines or balls of odd shapes. 



Tegmina. The tegmina are elongate or lanceolate, mem- 

 branous throughout, transparent in the main, but sometimes 

 coriaceous and smoky in regions. The tegmina are unequally 

 divided into corium, or embolium, and clavus (see fig. 75, pi. 



