branch: biology of KANSAS MEMBRACIDiE. 81 



the ocelli, which in life are usually a cherry red, and fre- 

 quently remain so when dried. Enchenopa binotata (fig. 13, 

 pi. VII) has two yellow spots near the region of the median 

 carina. Some species are polished black, and may be out- 

 lined with palish yellow, as Micrutalis calva, while others are a 

 dull black with rouch surface. A few forms, Micrutalis oc- 

 cidentalis, for instance, are frequently orange with more or 

 less dark marking toward the head. Pablilia ynodesta is dia- 

 morphic, and during a season may produce forms almost white 

 with a downy surface. 



Size. According to Buckton the forms may be as large as 

 two English inches (about 50 mm.) in wing expanse; but 20 

 mm. will include our largest species, Ceresa bubalm and 

 Talamona ampelopsides, which are 9 to 10 mm. from tip of teg- 

 mina to front of head. Our smallest species, Micrutalis oc- 

 cidentalis. is not more than 3 mm. in length. The sizes vary 

 greatly within the species, and the male is almost invariably 

 smaller than the female. 



Life History of Entylia sinuata. 



Plate XVI. 



As far as the writer has observed or can ascertain from re- 

 ports, the genera of the Kansas forms of Membracidse live on 

 the leaves and twigs of shrubs, bushes, and weeds. No form 

 has been found living in ants' nests, as the members of the sub- 

 family Tragopidse do, but numerous species of ants are found 

 on the vegetation with the Membracidse, supposedly attending 

 to their wants and being repaid in honey dew exuded from the 

 anus. At least three species of Formicidse have been collected 

 with Membracidse, namely Formica fusca, and another of -the 

 same genus, but the species is not determined; the third is 

 Prenolepis imparis. 



Entylia sinuata are found in great numbers upon the under 

 sides of the leaves of Cnicus altissimus Willd. 



Notes. Food plant, Cnicus altissimus. Place, a shady grove 

 on the east slope of a hill. Temperature records were kept on 

 a self-recording thermometer, and during the observations, 

 from June 29 to July 23, the minimum was 72° F. ; the maxi- 

 mum 91.9° F. 



On June 29, 1909, a pair is noted. In the morning (June 

 30) the male is missing, but the female sits quietly on the 



