84 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



gence occurred when the nymph was fourteen days old (July 

 23). The imago is transparent, of a pale greenish-gray tinge, 

 void of markings. It is active and will jump immediately 

 upon emerging. Some were observed kicking off the old shell 

 or jumping away from it. Within twenty minutes or half an 

 hour the color markings begin to appear, and in less than 

 an hour the imago is not discernible from the individuals 

 many days older. 



Summary. 



Egg stage 9 days 



Larva stage — First instar 3 days 



Second instar 2 days 



Third instar 4 days 



Pupa or fourth instar 5 days 



Total 23 days 



Twenty-three days are necessarily consumed from time of 

 the oviposition of the egg until the form reaches the adult 

 stage. As nine days are used in the development of the em- 

 bryo, we have two weeks as the time from hatching until the 

 form emerges as an imago. Mrs. Rice, in her report on the life 

 history of Entylia sinuata, states two weeks as the time from 

 hatching to adult stage if ants are present, and one week if un- 

 disturbed by ants. In my experiments indoors, without the 

 presence of ants, the forms seemed unable to moult success- 

 fully and died before reaching maturity. This fact leads me 

 to believe that the ants are necessary factors in the life of an 

 individual membracid. 



From three to four days after emergence the female com- 

 mences to lay eggs. It has not been absolutely ascertained, 

 but has been more or less satisfactorily observed, that one fe- 

 male lays more than one egg during her life, each mass aver- 

 aging about thirty-five eggs. 



The number of eggs is also indefinite, but as forms have been 

 observed late in May and nymphs found as late as the first of 

 November, and as it takes approximately four weeks from the 

 time an egg mass is laid until a female from that generation 

 begins to deposit her eggs, the writer feels justified in estimat- 

 ing six or seven broods in a sea«on. 



As to the winter state, it is conjectured that it is spent either 

 in the egg stage or as adult, protection being obained from the 

 fallen leaves. On October 24 adult forms, a few nymphs in 

 the pupa stage and newly emerged adults were observed, not- 



