ISELY: EUMENID^ OF KANSAS. 257 



within a foot of it. I did not observe a single nest within four 

 feet of the top of the chff. Perhaps the deep roots of the 

 prairie grass interfered with digging there. All of the colonies 

 were situated along western or southwestern exposures. There 

 were other cliffs facing north and east, apparently exactly like 

 those facing west, but, I believe, without a single nest. A bank 

 in which there was much clay seemed to be avoided, although 

 I did find a few nests in very hard clay. I did not find a single 

 one in banks that were shaded by trees. 



In choosing a location on the face of the cliff many wasps 

 seemed to prefer a partially sheltered place. Little earthen 

 ledges which protruded an inch or more sheltered many en- 

 trances to burrows. A crevice or a hole in the face of the 

 cliff often had one or two nests near its outer edge. Even in 

 the sides of the deserted burrows of the large digger bee, 

 Anthrophora occidentaKs, some of these wasps excavated their 

 homes. 



Two colonies were located on Walnut creek, in Rush county. 

 One colony with about twenty nests was in a sunny, west- 

 fronting cliff along the creek. All the nests were below the sod 

 root line. The cliff was similar in both appearance and in 

 character of earth to the favored nesting site in Ness county. 

 The other colony was located in an artificial bank at the en- 

 trance of a dugout cave near the creek. This colony was from 

 three and a half to five feet above the ground, and the highest 

 nests were two feet from the top of the bank. 



In Osborne county only small colonies — the largest had only 

 seven nests — were noted. This was in spite of the fact that 

 the cliffs which furnished nesting sites were similar in ap- 

 pearance to those in Ness county. They differed from that 

 favorite nesting site, in that the earth at Osborne was much 

 more sandy. Also, as far as I observed, these banks were 

 always shaded by trees, except on a few north exposures. It 

 was in these unshaded places that I found the colonies. 



In Ellis county I found the remains of an old colony — four 

 tubes over empty burrows — in the sides of a pit. They were 

 about two feet from the surface and were on the side facing 

 east. 



The home of 0. papagorum, as previously stated, is ex- 

 cavated in the face of an earthen bank. Excavated larval cells 

 are connected with each other and the outside world by a bur- 

 row. These cells do not always open directly into the burrow, 



