THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY 

 SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



Vol. VIII, No. 9] JULY, 1913. [ vr'^^'^ntNa 9. 



The Morphology and Biology of Simulium 



vittatum . 



AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS. 



BY W. T. EMERY. 



Plates XXXVIII to XLII. 



Subniitted in partial fulfillment of tlie requirements for the degree of master of arts. 



PREFACE. 



THE following paper was written from the data and ma- 

 terial collected as a result of a request from Governor 

 Stubbs of Kansas, 1911, through the State Board of 

 Health, and Dr. S. J. Crumbine, dean of the school of medicine, 

 and Prof. S. J. Hunter, professor of entomology, at Kansas 

 University, to locate sand flies (Simuliiim) in their geograph- 

 ical location to pellagra cases in the state. 



Here I wish to thank Prof. S. J. Hunter for his kind as- 

 sistance in conducting the investigations, and for his many 

 helpful suggestions in working out the problems, both in the 

 field and in the laboratory. We are indebted to Dr. 0. A. 

 Johannsen for determining the species Simulium vittatum. 

 iVIr. H. B. Hungerford was kind in helping me secure litera- 

 ture on Simulium. I also appreciate the assistance of Messrs. 

 F. X. Williams, A. E. Mallory, E. C. O'Roke and H. R. Jennings 

 of the Kansas Biological Survey of 1911, for collecting speci- 

 mens of Simulium and observing their habits and breeding 

 places. I thank Dr. Grace M. Charles of Kansas University 

 botany department for determining the algas in the alimentary 

 canal of Simulium larvae. Mr. L. M. Peace made the photo- 

 graphs of the Simulium figures used in the text. 



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