THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY 
SOME Ge el NBCU ER 
Vou. VI, No. 4] JANUARY, 1912. Vou. XVI, No.4 
EVIDENCE OF PLEISTOCENE CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS 
IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
BY J. E. TODD. 
T has been thought worth while to call attention to the facts 
bearing on this subject which have been brought out by a 
recent study of glacial deposits in Kansas. The more 
novel facts are (a) the strong westerly trend of glacial move- 
ments during the Kansan epoch, and (b) the high altitude at- 
tained on the west compared with corresponding levels farther 
east. 
First. The westerly trend is shown (a) by the fact that the 
ice lobe did not reach to the Kansas river in Douglas county, at 
least not so as to affect its channel, while from near Lecomp- 
ton to Wamego there is abundant evidence of its filling the pre- 
glacial channel and pushing south of it several miles, especially 
in Shawnee and Wabaunsee counties. The Kansas river was 
dammed southwest of Wamego, so that its level stood 200 feet 
above the present stream. This is shown by a boulder-lined 
outlet connecting with another valley southeast. Similarly a 
lake was formed in Mission creek valley, west of Topeka, from 
which boulder-marked channels lead over into the Wakarusa 
valley on the south. 
(b) This is shown also by glacial striz, especially those of 
higher levels, which record the main movements of the ice sheet. 
There are also others, particularly those at lower levels, which 
conform to the direction of the valleys in which they are found, 
(376) 
