402 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
believes the first spermatocyte division effects the separation 
of two of the chromosomes from the other two of the original 
quadrivalent group. And in the second division the remaining 
chromosomes that have hung together in pairs are parted. 
I believe his whole error has come about through the beaded 
appearance of the spireme. It is true that there are distinct 
nodules in this thread, and that in the formation of the chro- 
mosomes one sees often four knots to a single thread, but one 
sees many more sometimes. Instead of considering them in- 
dividual chromosomes, we must believe that they are mere ir- 
regularities in the amassing of granules during spireme 
formation. 
We get some cells which show a very clear case of a con- 
tinuous spireme. (Fig. 18.) The chromosomes in the early 
prophases are in the form of rings and crescents. The very 
early rings show sometimes the longitudinal split, but it is 
seldom. The first tendency in the condensing of the chromo- 
somes is to form rings, thus in figure 2, plate 29 many are seen. 
When they begin to arrange for division we see fewer, usually 
from two to three. Some are crosses, and even in the prophase 
have begun dividing. (Fig. 3.) There are twelve chromo- 
somes, then, in the first spermatocytes, formed, as I believe, 
by the union of the pairs of spermatogonial chromosomes; one 
of these is the accessory and is unpaired. (Fig. 16.) This 
special chromosome moves toward the pole ahead of the others 
undivided (figs. 1, 2, 4, pl. 30), and in equatorial plate is seen 
always in a different plane from the rest. The remaining eleven 
divide longitudinally (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4), so that the number 
of chromosomes distributed to the daughter cells is eleven and 
twelve respectively. We see the two sets of plates, then, in 
the second spermatocytes. (Figs. 6,7.) By means of a cross 
division of these chromosomes the eleven diads are separated. 
The accessory divides longitudinally. Thus we see that half 
the spermatids have eleven chromosomes plus the accessory 
(fig. 6), and half have the eleven and no accessory (fig. 7). 
Spermatids. 
While the chromatin amasses at the poles of the new sper- 
matids (fig. 11), the cytoplasm of the cells grows rapidly. The 
nuclear mass breaks up into a beaded appearance once more 
(fig. 12) and the cytoplasm begins to condense. There follows 
