LINNJEAN SYSTEM. 47 



the Linnrcan orders and generic characters, with such improvements 

 as reason and analogy suggest, and as Linne himself would have ap- 

 proved, are reverted to by the most acute and learned entomologists of 

 the age." 



ORDERS x\ND GENERA OF LINNE. 



Order I. COLEOPTERA. 



The insects of this Order form a verv^ natural division. They have 

 hard cases to their winjrs, with a lonsritudinal suture; these in some 

 are united, and therefore such iasects can have no wings; but the 

 winss in most are two. The mouth in Ereneral is furnished with 

 tuo, four, and sometimes six palpi, txco mandibles, and tico niaxillce ; the 

 mouth is covered above with the clypeus, and closed below with the 

 lips: they have all six feet in their perfect state; in the antenna? there 

 is the greatest diversity of shape and form, in this system the princi- 

 pal character of the genera: they have a hard horny skin; on each 

 side they have nine spiracula, one on the thorax, and eight on the ab- 

 domen. The females lay their eggs in the earth, dung, plants, wood, 

 &c. and from these proceed the larvce. 



The larvae have six feet near the head, which differs in form and size 

 in the different genera; jaws at the mouth; two eyes; often short an- 

 tenna^ ; and on each side nine spiracula. Those that feed on plants 

 and their roots move but slowly; those which live on dead animals are 

 more active; others, as the Carabida, Dyticida, and Staphyliimhc, wiiich 

 feed on living animals, are very rapid in their motions. The larva 

 state, during which insects change their skins, endures in most spe- 

 cies for a year ; in the larger snccies longer, sometimes three or four 

 years. When the hu^'a arrives at its appointed time, it draws itself 

 together, and changes for the most part into a pupa incompkta, which, 

 sometimes below the earth or in rotten wood, reposes for several weeks 

 or months. Aftersvards the skin of the pupa bursts, and the perfect 

 insect appears. It is now tit for the propagation of its species. 



Genus 1. Scarae.?:us. 



AntenntB clavated; the dub lamellated {PI. 1. fig. 1. a.): palpi foar: 



mandibles horn}', in general without teeth : the tibia or second joint of 



tlie foremost pair of feet generally dentated. 

 Species 1. Sc. Typhaus. Three horns on the thorax, the middle one the 



smallest; the other two extending fonvards and of the same length 



with the head, which has no horns. {PL 1. fg. 1.) 

 Inhabits Europe. 



