FAMILY BRUSH-FOOTED BUTTERFLIES. 78 



half, one or the other tint predominating in large spots, traversed 

 by brown lines, the outer half purplish brown, obscurely clouded 

 and marked with brown. Expanse nearly 2 inches. 



Caterpillar. — Head shining blackish green, the summits round- 

 ed. Body spined, purplish black, mottled with yellowish and 

 with a velvety-black broken lateral stripe ; spines leathery, dull 

 luteous tipped with fulvous, all of nearly the same size. Length 

 nearly 1 inch. 



Chrysalis. — Dark yellowish brown, resulting from brown 

 creases on a yellowish-brown ground ; laterodorsal tubercles of 

 abdomen (very prominent on third segment) constricted before 

 the tip, those of first and second segments of equal size. Length 

 more than ^ inch. 



The eggs, which are tall sn gar-loaf -shaped with twenty 

 or more prominent vertical ribs, are dull olive-yellow and 

 are jDrobably laid singly on the food-plant ; one observer 

 says he has seen the female drop her eggs loosely w^hile 

 hovering in the air ; they hatch in from five to nine days. 

 The cater j)illars feed singly and openly upon violets, but 

 only at night, making no w^eh and concealing themselves 

 about the roots of the herbage by day. AVinter is passed by 

 the caterpillars when half grown. The chrysalis hangs for 

 about a week. The butterfly is most commonly found 

 about wet meadows and bogs, and is a northern species, 

 hardly found south of lat. -41"; it has a moderately rapid 

 but low zigzag flight. There are three broods annually: 

 the first appears about the middle of May and fresh speci- 

 mens continue to emerge throughout June ; the eggs, how- 

 ever, appear not to be laid until the middle of June and 

 may be laid all through the rest of the month and July, 

 for the butterfly is very long-lived; the second brood ap- 

 pears about the middle of July before the first brood has 

 disappeared and continues on the wing into September; the 

 third brood appears late in August and continues up to the 

 time of frosts. 



There are some strange anomalies about the development 



